Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids - Class 12 Medical Chemistry - Extra Questions

Draw the structural formula of Ethanoic acid.

$$CH_3COOH$$ is the ethanoic acid.
It contains carboxylic acid group.

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Why the lower members of aldehyde and ketone are soluble in water while higher members are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water?

Both lower member and higher member contain a highly polar carbonyl group $$-CO$$, that forms resonably strong bond with water molecular. So, lower members of aldehyde and ketone are miscible with water in all proportion but the solubility decreases as the hydrocarbon chain length increases as hydrocarbon contribute to non-polar part.


Write the IUPAC name of the following : $$CH_3-CH_2-CH=CH-\overset{\underset{\parallel}{O}}{C}-H$$

As it is having five carbons in chain then word pent is used.
A double bond is present at $$2$$ position from the aldehyde group given the name $$2-en$$. The functional group is aldehyde $$(CHO)$$ and the IUPAC name for aldehyde is $$-al$$
So, the name of the compound is $$Pent-2-enal$$


Write the structures and IUPAC names of the following compounds.
(a) Adipic acid
(b) a-methyl butyraldehyde.

Structure and IUPAC name of the compounds are:
(a) Adipic acid:
Structure: $$HO-\underset{\displaystyle\underset{O}{||}}{C}-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-\overset{\displaystyle\overset{O}{||}}{C}-OH$$
IUPAC name: Hexanedioic acid.
(b) $$\alpha$$-methyl butyraldehyde:
Structure: $$CH_3-CH_2-\underset{\displaystyle\underset{CH_3}{|}}{CH}-CHO$$
IUPAC name: $$2$$-methyl butyraldehyde.


Draw the structural formula for each of the following:
$$1.$$ $$2, 3$$- dimethyl butane
$$2.$$ Diethyl ether
$$3.$$ Propanoic acid.

The structural formulae are given below.

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Give the IUPAC name of the given compound.
996432_d3c3577b344c47e3ace99a19452de763.PNG

The given compound contain ketonic linkage.
Also, there are two alkenyl groups attached to the ketonic linkage.
Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound will be:
Octa - 1, 7 - dien - 4 - one


Give the IUPAC name of the following compound.
996470_62c7a0aedcc2400db44c7fa64e9ebe03.PNG

The given compound contains 8 carbon atom in a parent chain along with the ketonic group on one side.
Also, two cyclopropyl groups are attached to the parent chain along with one triple bond.
The counting will start from the end where carbonyl carbon comes first.
Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound will be:
3, 4 - dicyclopropyloct - 7 - yn - 2 - one


Give the IUPAC name of the given compound.
996433_bb895d82eda948098727fbdee22cd8e4.PNG

The given compound contains two ketonic groups at carbon number 2 and 6.
Also, the parent chain contains 7 carbon atoms along with methyl groups at carbon number 3 and 4.
Thus, IUPAC name of the compound will be:
3, 4 - dimethylheptane - 2, 6 - dione


Draw the structures of the following compound and identify the functional group present in them.
(i)Butanoic acid
(ii)Bromopropane 
(iii)Butyne


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Write the final product in the given reactions:
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$$RCOOH$$


Complete the given reactions:
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What the IUPAC name of the following compound:
$$CH_3COCH_2COCH_3$$

$$ CH_3COCH_2COCH_3 $$ = Pentane$$-2,4$$-dione 


$$O_2N-CH_2-COOH$$ has lower $$pK_a$$ value than $$CH_3COOH$$.

Nitroacetic acid is stronger acid than acetic acid as $$-I$$ effect of $$-NO_2$$ group weakens $$O-H$$ bond in nitroacetic acid and facilitate the release of $$H^+$$ ions. Since nitroacetic acid is stronger acid than acetic acid, therefore, it has lower $$pK_a$$ value than acetic acid.


Match the acids given in Column (A) with their correct source given in Column (B)

$$(a) \rightarrow(i v)$$
(b) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii)
$$(c) \rightarrow(\text { ii })$$
$$(d) \rightarrow(i)$$


Write the IUPAC name of chloroform, formic acid and iso-pentane.


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Class 12 Medical Chemistry Extra Questions