Components Of Food - Class 6 Biology - Extra Questions

Name two nutrients which protect the body from diseases.

Vitamins and Minerals are the two nutrients that protect the body from diseases.


Why do organisms need to take food?

Food is needed by all organisms for many purposes:
a. The main function of food is to help in growth.
b. Food provides energy for movements such as running, walking or raising our arm.
c. Food is also needed for replacement and repairing damaged tissues of the body.
d. Food helps us fight against diseases and protects us from infections.


Name two sources of vitamin A.

Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy. Some sources of vitamin A are:
(i) Papaya
(ii) Carrots
(iii) Mango
(iv) Milk
(v) Fish oil


Explain giving reasons
(a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body.
(b) Health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.
(c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water.
(d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.

(a) Food is necessary for the growth and development of the body. A balanced diet provides all the required raw materials and energy in appropriate amount likes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, etc.
(b) Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially and these conditions depend on the surrounding environmental conditions. For example, if there are unhygienic conditions in surrounding area, it is likely we might get infected or diseased.
(c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water. This is so because many waterborne diseases and insect vectors flourish in stagnant water which causes diseases in human beings.
(d) Human beings live in societies and different localities like villages or cities, which determines the social and physical environment and hence both are to be kept in harmony. Public cleanliness is important for individual health. For better living conditions lot of money is required. We need good food for healthy body and for this we have to earn more. For the treatment of diseases also, one has to be in good economic condition.


Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body. Comment.

Food is necessary for the growth and development of the body. Balanced diet provides raw materials and energy in appropriate amount needed for the substances like protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals etc. which in turn are essential for the proper growth and functioning of the healthy body.


Why should our food contain cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables ?

(i) Cereals provide carbohydrates for energy requirements.
(ii)Pulses give proteins.
(iii) Fruits and vegetables provide various vitamins and minerals.


What is the importance of water and roughage in our diet? (5 marks)

  • The major nutrients in our food are named carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
  • Besides these nutrients, our body needs dietary fibres and water. 
Roughage:-
  • We knew dietary fibres as roughage.
  • Plant products like whole grains and pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits, and vegetables are primary sources of roughage.
  • Although it does not provide any nutrients to our body, but it helps our body get rid of undigested food.
Water:-
    • It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food.
    • It is essential for cells to function properly.
    • It helps in body temperature regulation.
    • It helps in the removal of waste from the body as urine and sweat.


    Name various types of vitamins.

    Vitamins help to regulate chemical reactions in the body. There are 13 vitamins. They are: Vitamin A, Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K. Vitamins are not a source of energy.


    Name the following :
    (a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
    (b) The nutrients that are needed for growth and maintenance of our body.
    (c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
    (d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.

    (a) Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients found in food. They are the most important source of energy for the body of many organisms, including humans. Carbohydrate provides about 4 kcal per gram and is the energy that is used first to fuel muscles and the brain. Fat is also one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrates and protein. Compared to carbohydrates and protein, each gram of fat provides more than twice the amount of calories (9 kcal per gram).  
    So, the answer is carbohydates and fats.
    (b) Protein is the major structural component of cells and is responsible for the building and repair of body tissues. Proteins are organic molecules made up of amino acids – the building blocks of life. These amino acids are joined together by chemical bonds. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
    So, the answer is proteins.
    (c) Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that is also a powerful antioxidant. Vitamin A plays a critical role in maintaining healthy vision, neurological function, healthy skin, healthy immune system, and cell growth.
    So, the answer is vitamin A.
    (d) Minerals are components of foods that are involved in many body functions. For example, Calcium helps to maintain and build strong bones and teeth 
    So, the answer is calcium.


    Write two sources of vitamin C.

    Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that helps to repair and regenerate tissues, protect against heart disease. 
    The sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits like orange, grapefruit, lime etc. 


    Name a vitamin which represents a group of vitamins.

    Vitamin B-complex are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Vitamin B- complex consists of a group of vitamins including, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7, Vitamin B9 and Vitamin B12.



    How can you test presence of proteins in a given food item ?

    Following steps are used to test if a food item contains protein. 
    1) Take a small quantity of the food item to be tested.
    2) Grind/mash the food item.
    3) Put the food item into a test tube.
    4) Add 10 drops of water and shake the test tube.
    5) Add two drops of copper sulphate solution to the test tube, using a dropper. 
    6) Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution using a dropper and shake the test tube.
    7) Let the test tube rest in a test tube stand for a few minutes.
    8) Observe the colour of the mixture.
    9) Violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the tested food item.


    Write two sources of vitamin D.

    Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins, responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sources of vitamin D are:
    (i)   Fatty fish like tuna, mackerel, salmon
    (ii)  Butter, Cheese
    (iii) Soy milk
    (iv) Egg yolks


    Write two sources of vitamin B.

    Vitamin B are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. The sources of vitamin B are:
    (i)   Animal products- fish, poultry, meat, eggs
    (ii)  Soy 
    (iii) Beans


    Why should a meal have different food items?

    Human body needs different kinds of nutrients for proper functioning. A single type of food item does not have all the nutrients we need in the optimum amounts. Eating a variety of foods items provides all the necessary nutrients in required amounts.
    Hence, a meal should have different food items.


    What are the functions of minerals?

    Minerals are components of foods that are involved in many body functions and are needed in small amounts. They do not provide any energy. They are essential for proper growth of the body and to maintain good health. For example, calcium and magnesium are important for bone structure, and iron is needed for our red blood cells to transport oxygen.


    List various types of nutrients and write the functions of each.

    Answer:

    • The various types of nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
    • Carbohydrates: Major source of energy for the body. They provide about 4kcal per gram.
    • Proteins: They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, regulation, and repair of the body's tissues and organs. They also help our body to fight against infections. They help in the formation of nails, hair, and muscles.
    • Fats: Fats provide energy to the body. Compared to carbohydrates and protein, each gram of fat provides more than twice the amount of calories (9 kcal per gram).  
    • Vitamins: Vitamins help to regulate chemical reactions in the body. They help in protecting our bodies against diseases.
    • Minerals: Minerals are components of foods that are involved in many body functions. They are essential for proper growth of the body and maintenance of good health.



    Write the functions of water in our body.

    The functions of water in our body are:
    (i)  Water is the main constituent of blood which contributes to the transport of nutrients to the cells
    (ii)  Helps our body to absorb nutrients from the food
    (iii) Essential for cells to function properly
    (iv) Helps in body temperature regulation
    (v)  Removal of waste from the body in the form of urine and sweat.


    What role do minerals play in maintaining the structure of animals.

    Minerals are basically the spark plugs of life or keystones to our health. Minerals are the catalysts that keep our body performs various functions. 
    Role of minerals in the body:
    • Minerals act as co-factors for enzyme reactions. Enzymes don’t work without minerals. All cells require enzymes to work & function. They give us our vitality.
    • They maintain the pH balance within the body.
    • Minerals actually facilitate the transfer of nutrients across cell membranes.
    • They maintain proper nerve conduction.
    • Minerals help to contract and relax muscles.
    • They help to regulate our bodies tissue growth.
    • Minerals provide structural and functional support for the body.


    Benedict solution is used to test whether a sugar is a .......... sugar or not.

    Benedict solution is used to test whether a sugar is a reducing sugar or not.


    You have been supplied with a sample of food. How will you perform tests for the presence of starch and proteins in it? 

    • Test for starch
    1. Take the food sample.
    2. If it is a solid crush it using a mortar and pestle. 
    3. Add water and mix it.
    4. Crush the sample until it turns into a semi-liquid state
    5. Add brown iodine soln.
    6. If the liquid on addition turns blue-black there in presence of starch
    • Test for protien
    1. Take a small quantity of the food items to be tested.
    2. Grind/mash the food item.
    3. Put the food item into a test tube.
    4. Add 10 drops of water and shake the test tube.
    5. Using a dropper add two drops of copper sulphate solution to the test tube.
    6. Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution and shake the test tube.
    7. Observe the colour of the mixture.
    8. Violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the tested food item. 


    How to know the presence of starch in any given sample of food?

    The major sources of starch are cereals like rice, wheat, maize and root vegetables like potatoes. To know the presence of starch in any given sample of food, the iodine test can be performed. In this, iodine solution is used. In this, few drops of iodine solution is added to the food sample. If starch is present in a food item, it will turn blue-black colour. If starch is absent in a food item, it will remain brown in colour.


    Give the names of major nutrient components of food. State from which food they are obtained.

    • The major components of food are lipids, protein, fibre, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water.
    • In addition, food contains dietary fibres which are also needed by our body.
    • Sources of carbohydrates: fresh fruits, vegetables, corn, potatoes, milk and milk products.
    • Sources of proteins: meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, seeds and nuts, and legumes like beans and lentils.
    • Sources of fats: meat, whole-fat dairy products (milk, cream, cheese), butter and oils.
    • Sources of vitamins and minerals: fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and legumes.
    • Sources of dietary fibres: beans. whole grains, brown rice, and fruits.


    Why do organisms need food? Write three reasons.

    • All organisms need food because it provides nutrients which are a source of energy to support all life processes.
    i) Food gives us energy for various metabolic processes.
    ii) Food helps us grow better and healthier.
    iii) Food has vitamins and minerals that prevent us from catching many diseases.
    iv) Food we find tasty will affect our mood. That means food also has psychological effects.




    What do you understand by 'proper' food?

    Proper food means adequate and nutritious food according to one's body requirement.


    Boojho was having difficulty in seeing things in dim light. The doctor tested his eyesight and prescribed a particular vitamin supplement. He also advised him to include a few food items in his diet. Suggest some food items that he should include in his diet. (Any four)

    He should eat papaya, carrot, green leafy vegetables like spinach, fish oil etc. 


    Paheli and Boojho peeled some potatoes and cut them into small pieces. They washed and boiled them in water. They threw away the excess water and fried them in oil adding salt and spices. Although the potato dish tasted very good, its nutrient value was less. Suggest a method of cooking potatoes that will not lower the nutrients in them.

    Potatoes are rich in nutrients like carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fiber, and minerals. Potato peel provides extra dietary fiber and nutrients to the body. A method of cooking potatoes that will not lower their nutrient value is:
     i. Wash the potatoes thoroughly
    ii. Cut the potatoes in small slices and cook them in the cooking pot with oil, spices, and salt. Cover up the pot while cooking. This method maintains the nutrients of potatoes. 


    Lila always eats only dal and rice in every meal. She often falls ill and has become prone to diseases. Can you suggest changes in her diet that can make her healthy and free from disease? 

    Lila only consumes carbohydrates and protein food. She should consume food with vitamins and minerals to be free from diseases. Therefore, she should eat fruits and vegetables. 


    A few of Paheli's classmates eat potato chips and burgers regularly during recess at school. Are these eating habits healthy? Give reasons. 

    No, these eating habits are not healthy. Foods like burgers and potato chips are considered junk food because they contain more carbohydrates along with fats and oils. They lack fibres, roughage and vitamins. Thus, they do not provide any good nutrition to the body. 


    Boojho took some grains of boiled rice in test tube 'A' and Paheli took boiled and chewed rice in test tube 'B'. Both of them poured 1 - 2 drops of iodine solution into the test tube and observed the colour change. What colour change would they have observed? Give reasons for your answer. 

    In test-tube A, the boiled rice contains starch. When we add 1-2 drops of iodine, the combination turns in the shade of blue-black. This indicates the presence of starch in the test tube A. 
    In test-tube B, the starch of rice converts into sugar on digestion. Thus, the colour of iodine will not change. 


    Solve the crossword puzzle given in the figure from the clues given below.

    Across
    Lack of nutrients in our diet over a long period causes these diseases (10)
    Rice and potato are rich in this type of carbohydrate (6)
    Deficiency disease in bones making it soft and bent (7)
    The diet that provides all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities, along with an adequate amount of roughage and water (4)
    Deficiency disease with bleeding gums (6)
    Disease caused due to deficiency of iodine (6)

    Down
    Starch and sugar in our food are rich in this type of energy-giving nutrient (13)
    The term is given to the useful components of food (9)
    The disease caused by the deficiency of iron in diet (7)
    Green leafy vegetables, liver, and apples are rich in this mineral (4)
    Deficiency disease caused due to lack of vitamin B1, in the diet (8) 

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    Explain and give reasons:
    Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body.

    Food is necessary for the growth and development of the body. Balanced diet consists of all the essential food constituents viz. protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water in correct proportion which are essential for the proper growth and functioning of the healthy body.


    Which of the following food items does not provide any nutrient?

    Milk, water, Orange juice, Tomato soup

    Water is the elixir of life but it does not provide any nutrients to human body


    Food must have limited amount of salts. Explain.

    • Food must have a limited amount of salts as we require limited amounts of these in our bodies.
    •  Excessive salts in food can lead to the accumulation of water in different parts of the body such as arms, legs, etc. and lead to edema.
    •  Too much salt leads to an increase in blood pressure as well. 


    What do you mean by balanced diet and malnutrition? 

    A food which contains all the nutrients in right proportion is called balanced diet. A balanced diet is necessary for good growth and development of children. A balanced diet is necessary for maintaining good health in both children and adults. Lack of some or most of the nutrients in a person's diet for a long duration is called malnutrition. 


    Which are the energy giving nutrients? (5 marks)

    • We all need energy to grow, stay alive, keep warm and be active. 
    • Energy is provided by the carbohydrate and fat in the food and drinks we consume. Foods containing fats and carbohydrates are also called ‘energy giving foods’
    • Carbohydrates are the nutrients most frequently used as an energy source as they are fast-acting and turn into energy as soon as they are ingested.
    • During fasting or prolonged starvation body breakdown fats as a source of energy.
    • Different food and drinks provide different amounts of energy because their nutrients composition is different.
    • Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of our body. Foods that contain proteins in abundant amount are called ‘body building foods'.
    • Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.


    Explain the importance.

    Balance diet.

    A balanced diet is a diet containing all nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, etc.) in the right quantities. A balanced diet helps us in various ways:
    provides us with important nutrients required for the growth of body
    • Helps us to stay fit and free from diseases.
    • Helps in strengthening the immune system.
    • Helps our systems to function properly.
    • Helps maintain a healthy weight.
    • Reduces body fat.
    • Provides the body with energy.
    • Promotes good sleep and makes us feel better about ourselves. 


    What are Nutrients?

    All those food components from which organisms get energy, and are able to synthesize cellular substances are called nutrients.


    What are the harms of cold drinks? 

    Following are the harms of cold drinks: 
    Children may become addictive to cold drinks. 
    The body gets too much sugar. 
    It can result in obesity among children. 
    It can cause diabetes. 
    Promotes bad eating habits.  
    The body does not get balanced diet. 


    Write the definition.

    Nutrients

    Nutrients: It is a substance available in food that helps us to stay healthy. The main nutrients available in food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and roughage. 


    Short Answer:
    What are the essential elements and main sources of balanced food?

    Food groups according to functionMajor nutrients Sources
    1.Energy giving compounds1. Carbohydrates and fats1.Cereals - wheat,rice barley, etc.
    2. Starch like potato,corn etc.
    3. Sugars.
    4. Fat - ghee and oil.
    2. Bodybuilding compounds2. Protein1 Milk
    2. Meat - fish, chicken, mutton, egg white Pulses (vegetable protein)
    3. Protective compounds 3. Vitamins and minerals1. Vegetables (green leafy) and Fruits.


    Use the food pyramid to select food items of your choice for three days.
    Conditions:
    The diet for all three days should be balanced.
    There should be variety in the items chosen for the three days. 

    Day 1
    Cereal like cornflakes and milk, apple, roti, sabzi, and dal
    Day 2
    Bread and butter with milk, rice/ roti, and chicken, curd, any one type of fruit, salad
    Day 3
    Poha, green vegetable, and dal with rice or roti, raita, one fruit, vegetable sandwich 


    In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the _______proporion.

    In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the right proportion.


    What are nutrients and how are they useful to one's body? What you do get you daily dose of nutrients?

    • Various constituents of food that are necessary for growth and nourishing life are called nutrients. 
    • Carbohydrates. proteins. fats, vitamins, and minerals are the nutrients that we derive from food.
    • Carbohydrates and fats provide energy to the body. Hence. they are known as energy-giving food.
    • Proteins facilitate growth and repair and hence it is called body-building food. 
    • Vitamins and minerals help the body in fighting diseases. So, vitamins and minerals are called protective food. 
    • We get our daily dose of essential nutrients from our diet (from the food we eat everyday).


    Structured/Application/Skill Type
    Complete the following table by filling the blanks.

    $$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Mineral } & \text { Function } & \text { Rich source } \\\hline \text { Iodine } & & \\\hline & \text { Formation of haemoglobin } & \\\hline \text { Calcium } & & \\\hline \text { Potassium } & & \\\hline\end{array}$$

    $$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Mineral } & \text { Function } & \text { Rich source } \\\hline \text { Iodine } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Facilitates the secretion of thyroxin } \\\text { hormone by the thyroid gland }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Iodized salt, water, sea } \\\text { foods }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Iron } & \text { Formation of haemoglobin } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Whole cereals, fish, nut, egg } \\\text { yolk, liver, kidney }\end{array} \\\hline\end{array}$$
    $$\begin{array}{|l|l|c|l|}\hline \text { Calcium } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Constituents of enamel, bones. } \\\text { Required for blood clotting, muscle } \\\text { contraction }\end{array} & \text { Dairy food, beans, cabbage } \\\hline \text { Potassium } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Nerve and muscle activity, fluid } \\\text { balance, secretion of } \\\text { neurotransmitter }\end{array} & \text { Banana, potato, citrus fruit } \\\hline\end{array}$$


    Name a food which is a good source of calcium? 

    Food that are good source of Calcium are 
    Milk, Soybean, Broccoli, Tofu etc


    Complete the following table by filling in the blanks 1 to 8. 
    Organ Enzyme Food acted uponFinal product
    1Pepsin 23
    Mouth 45Disaccharide 
    67Maltose 8

    Organ Enzyme Food acted uponFinal product
    1Pepsin 23
    Mouth 45Disaccharide 
    67Maltose 8

    1 - Stomach 
    2 - Proteins 
    3 - Polypeptides 
    4 - Amylase 
    5 - Starch 
    6 - Ileum 
    7 - Maltase 
    8 - Glucose 


    How do you test for the presence of fat in food? (5 marks)

    • Nutrients are chemical components in food that are required for releasing energy and helps in growth. 
    • Carbohydrates and fats mainly provide energy to our body.
    • Some plants and animal produce oil (type of fat). 
    • Oil paper test is a test used to detect oil in plant and animal products. 
    • It include a process in which a paper is rubbed back and forth few times against the crushed food item.
    • An oily patch on paper shows that the food item contains fat (oil).
    • The food items may sometimes contain a little water. Therefore, after you have rubbed an item on paper, let the paper dry for a while so that water can evaporate.



    Select the correct option -

    Correct answer: A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2.

    Explanation for correct answer:

    (A)-  Proteins - (3) pulses

    • Proteins are biomolecules that are required to perform a large number of structural and functional roles in our body. 
    • They act as enzymes, helps to maintain communication between cells. 
    • Major source of protein are pulses

    (B)- Vitamins- (4) Fruits and vegetables

    • Vitamins are nutrients required in trace amounts to maintain optimum growth and development of an organism. 
    • They are found mainly in fruits and vegetables.

    (C)- Carbohydrates- (1) Rice

    • Carbohydrates are biomolecules that provide energy to the organism and also form structural components of the cell. 
    • They can be obtained from rice.

    (D)- Fats- (2) cooking oils, butter and ghee

    • Fats are biomolecules that provide energy and insulation to the organism. 
    • They can be obtained from cooking oil, ghee and butter.

     


     

     

     


     



    What happens when two or more drops of iodine solution fall on starch substance? (5 marks)

    • Starch is a type of carbohydrate found mainly in plant and plant products.
    • If a few drops of iodine solution fall on the starch substance, it will give a blue-black color that confirms the presence of starch in that food.
    • We use iodine solution as a confirmatory test in the detection of starch.
    • We add a solution of iodine and potassium to a starch-containing substance instead of molecular iodine because molecular iodine is not soluble in water.
    • In the absence of starch solution remains a light brown color which is the color of iodine solution.


    Short Notes.
    What is a Balanced diet ? What is the role of minerals in balanced food ? Explain the disease caused by the deficiency of minerals ?

    A balanced diet is the one, which contains a variety of food in quantities and proportions so that the need for energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage are adequately met for maintaining health, vitality and general well-being. Thus, human diet includes carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the ratio of 4:1:1, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage in adequate amounts for maintaining good health.
    Role of Minerals : Minerals are the elements which are required in our body in small amounts, with food. These regulate various metabolic activities in our body. Deficiency of a particular mineral causes specific diseases such as anaemia, goitre, rickets, etc.
    The main minerals are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Trace elements which are required in few mg amounts per day are iron,iodine, fluorine, zinc, copper, cobalt, chromium and manganese etc. Mineral deficiency disease: Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of iron in the food. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre. Deficiency of calcium creates weakness in bones.


    Class 6 Biology Extra Questions