CBSE Questions for Class 12 Commerce Business Studies Organising Quiz 8 - MCQExams.com

Delegation involves following three elements:

1. Assignment of Responsibility:

The first step in delegation is the assignment of work or duty to the subordinate i.e. delegation of authority. The superior asks his subordinate to perform a particular task in a given period of time. It is the description of the role assigned to the subordinate. Duties in terms of functions or tasks to be performed constitute the basis of delegation process.

2. Grant of Authority:

The grant of authority is the second element of delegation. The delegator grants authority to the subordinates so that the assigned task is accomplished. The delegation of responsibility with authority is meaningless. The subordinate can only accomplish the work when he has the authority required for completing that task.

3. Creation of Accountability:

Accountability is the obligation of a subordinate to perform the duties assigned to him. The delegation creates an obligation on the subordinate to accomplish the task assigned to him by the superior. When a work is assigned and authority is delegated then the accountability is the by-product of this process.

• A matrix organisation is an organisation structure in which there is more than one line of reporting managers.
  
• This type of structure is used by organisations that have diverse product lines and services.
  
• The employees, who are specialists in their fields/jobs, are assigned a job or a project outside their own department for a relatively temporary period. The team of diverse expertise work towards a common goal.
  

• Grouping of jobs of similar nature under functional and organizing these major functions as separate departments creates a functional structure. 
  
• For example, in a manufacturing concern division of work into key functions will include production, purchase, marketing, accounts and personnel.
  
• Thus, a functional structure is an organisational design that groups similar or related jobs together.
  

• In a divisional structure, the organisation structure comprises of separate business units or divisions.
  
• Generally, manpower is grouped on the basis of different products manufactured.
  
• Each division is self-contained as it develops expertise in all functions related to a product line. However, functions may vary across divisions in accordance with a particular product line.
  

• Matrix organisation structure is a combination of functional and projectized organisation structures. Such structure is generally created for a particular project.
  
• Skilled personnel are selected from functional departments to assist the project manager, for the successful completion of the project.
  
• Each team member has two bosses. Team reports to both functional and project manager.
• Knowledge, skill, or talent of an employee is shared between the functional department and project management team to reach a common goal.