India: Science And Technology - Class 8 General Knowledge - Extra Questions

Remote sensing can be defined as the collection of data about an object from a distance. Humans and many other animals accomplish this task with their eyes or by their sense of smell or hearing.
Geographers use the remote sensing as a tool to monitor or measure phenomena on the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Remote sensing of the environment by geographers is usually done with the help of mechanical devices known as sensors. These sensors have a greatly improved ability to receive and record information about an Earth object without any physical contact.
Often there sensors are positioned in helicopters, planes and satellites. The sensors record information about an object by measuring the electromagnetic energy that is reflected back and radiation from the object on the earth surface.

Information and communication technology are the back bone of globalisation. Technical equipment as cell phone, internet, telephone and microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capital and people to make convenient to move from one place to another as a fast pace to stimulate the process of globalisation. With the help of internet we can find any thing on single click. its become very easy to do online shopping with the help of technology. Many MNCs have their customer care in India and by using technology they give online support to any one around the world.

India has two satellite earth stations. One at Arvi (near Pune); and the second at Dehradun.

The software Industry has emerged as a major industry in the Indian economy. The main reason for its rapid growth is due to availability of cheap and skilled young software professionals in our country. The Department of Electronics has established 'Electronic parks' in different parts of our country. The main centres are Chennai, Coimbatore, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, Mysore, Hyderabad and Kolkata.
At present there are more than $$500$$ software firms in the country. It is expected that the Indian software industry will generate a total employment of around six million people which accounts for $$9\%$$ of India's total GDP in the year $$2011$$. Today software industry in India exports software and services to nearly $$95$$ countries around the world.

Internet.

Subscriber identity module.

GSM = Global system for Mobile communication.

A hypothesis is a single assertion a proposed explanation of something based on available knowledge.

People began using experiments and mathematics to understand mysteries during scientific revolution.

Francis Becon
Francis Bacon was the first to formalize the concept of a true scientific method.

Scientific sample is that everyone with the designated group has a chance of being selected.

One of the most important feature of scientific method is Repeatibility.

The primary aims of the Indian space programme are the application of space science and technology to further national development objectives in mass communication and education via satellites; the survey and management of natural resources through remote sensing technology from space platforms and the development of space technology with the maximum degree of self-reliance.

As outer space is limitless we can measure it only with special units. There are two units of measurement - Light year and Astronomical units.
A Light Year is the distance covered by light in one year in vacuum travelling at a speed of 299,792 km per second. A light year is thus 9,460,530 million km.
Astronomical Unit represents the mean distance between the sun and the earth, calculated on the data supplied by radars. One A.U. is approximately 150 million km. In other words a light year is made up of about 60,000 A.U.

Educated people earn higher incomes on account of higher productivity which adds to the growth of economy. It opens new horizons, provides new aspirations and develops values of life.
(i) Education helps individual to make better use of their economic opportunities.
(ii) Education is an important input for growth.
(iii) Provides new aspirations and values of life.
(iv) Some jobs are only for educated and skilled people.
(v) It opens the universal avenues of jobs.
(vi) Women with high education and skill are paid at par with the men.

The organization in Space Commission, which was set up in June, 1972 with its headquarters at Bangalore.

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre - This is the main research and development centre for span technology. This covers all the aspects of the work related to the development of sounding rockets and satellite launch vehicles.
The SHAR Centre - It is being developed as a range for launching large multi-stage sounding rockets and satellite launch vehicles.
The Space Application Centre - It is engaged in planning and execution of the space application projects of ISRO. The objective of this centre is to apply space science technology to practical use.
The Physical Research Laboratory - Conducts basic research in space sciences for understanding the structure and dynamics of the earth's upper atmosphere, the solar terrestrial relationship, astrophysical problems, etc.

The establishments are
(i) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at Trivandrum.
(ii) Sriharikota Range (Shar) in Andhra Pradesh.
(iii) Space Application Centre at Ahmedabad.
(iv) Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad.
(v) ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore.
(vi) Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Bangalore and Trivandrum.
(vii) Development and Educational Communication Unit, Ahmedabad.
(viii) ISRO Telemetry Tracking Command Network (ISTRAC), Bangalore.
(ix) National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad.

In order to apply space technology to practical problems Indian National Satellite system was established in 1981. It is a multi-purpose geostationary satellite system for telecommunication and meteorology and also has capability for nation wide direct TV broadcast to community TV receivers In rural areas.

The ISRO participated in the Monsoon Experiment conducted in 1979. A regional component of an international study called "Global Atmospheric Research Programme" (GARP), MONEX was conducted jointly by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and International Council of Scientific Unions. The Indian Meteorological Department was the main executing agency in India. ISRO's contribution was the collection of data using rockets, air borne thermal infra-red scanners and reception of data from satellite.

Aryabhata was the first scientific satellite of India. It was launched into the space on April 19, 1978. It was 360 kg in weight and 116 cm high. It was meant to conduct experiments in X-ray. astronomy and physics.

Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) Project is meant to develop launching capability for a satellite of 40 kg in a 40 km near circular orbit round the earth. The first attempt failed but the second attempt made on July 18, 1980 was successful. The launch vehicle carried a 40 kg satellite into the near-earth orbit.

National Institute of Immunology : New Delhi

Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who gave scientific approach to the study of management theories. According to him, management should be done not on the basis of the discretion of managers but with proper scientific study that initiates decision making. He classified management into two parts:

1. Scientific principles

2. Scientific tools

His theories of management was basically adopted at the operational level in every company which took management as a science.

$$\textbf{Solution:}$$

$$\bullet$$ Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969 with a module pilot Buzz Aldrin.

$$\bullet$$ They conducted experiments and also collected moon dirt and rocks.

Historical research, legal research, ancestry research are all real things. Research is more general term. The scientific method is how scientific research is conducted, as compared with, for example, Literacy or theological research. 

Scientist is a person who is studying or has expert knowledge in one or more of the nautral or physical sciences.

A scientist is a person who has scientific training or who works in the sciences. Whereas an engineer, engineers who is trained as an engineer, Engineers apply that knowledge to solve practical problems, often with an eye towards optimizing cost, efficiency and some other parameter.

The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that market the emergence of modern science during the early morning period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. 

Following are the characteristic of scientific revolution:-
1) It was a slow movement.
2) Full of good/bad ideas.
3) Only involved a few hundred.

Scientific research is a investigating and acquiring or expanding our understanding whereas nonscientific research is acquiring knowledge and truths about the world using techniques that do not follow the scientific method.

Scientific hypotheses 
scientific hypothesis is an important component in the development of scientific theory

Cause of scientific revolution:-
Renaissance encouraged curiosity, investigation, discovery, modern day knowledge, caused people to question old beliefs. During the era of scientific revolution, people began using experiments and mathematics to understand my stress's.

The advantage of all scientific research using the scientific method is that the experiments are repeatable by anyone, anywhere.

The scientific revolution was a time of new discovers and significant advances that changed the European world. The scientific revolution revealed new theories that changed European beliefs Galileo observations and his laws of motion also supported the theories of Copernicus.

DynaBlocks

Explanation:
The beta version of Roblox was created by co-founders David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004, originally under the name DynaBlocks. Baszucki started testing the first demos that year. In 2005, the company changed its name to Roblox. Roblox officially launched on September 1, 2006.

There are five step in hypothesis testing:

• Making assumptions
• Stating the research and null hypotheses and selecting (setting) alpha
• Selecting the sampling distribution and specifying the test statistic
• Computing the test statistic
• Making a decision and interpreting the results

A conclusion is a short paragraph that discusses the overall results of an experimental procedure and explains whether the proposed hypothesis at the beginning of the experiment was correct or not.
It can also be discussed in the conclusion further experiments or test that could be done to support your findings in the current experiment. This part could also be called perspectives.

Lovecraft is the name of the author who inspired arkham by night.

National Institute for Visually handicapped : Dehradun, Uttarakhand