Introduction To Indian Geography - Class 8 General Knowledge - Extra Questions

Wildlife and forests should be conserved for the following reasons:-
• Wildlife and the forests are the measure of the biodiversity of a particular region. By conserving the wildlife and forest we are ensuring that all diverse species in an area survive, breed and flourish.
• Conservation of wildlife and forests is vital for the ecological stability of a particular area.
• It is important that we conserve wildlife and forests which we have inherited because they constitute our most precious wealth.
• Forests are the habitat for wildlife and they are an important constituent of the various food chains and food webs. Forests are needed for the smooth functioning of biogeochemical cycles.
• Forests are necessary for the formation of humus and for maintaining soil fertility.
• Forests puri air and protect the earth from greenhouse effect by removing carbon dioxide and converting it into oxygen. Thus forests protect us from the harmfril effects of global warming.
• Many industries such as the sport equipment industry paper industry, lac manufacturing industry, the timber industry and furniture industry depend on forests.
• Forests provide a place for the local people for their animals to graze and provide them with many useful products such as fire wood, fishing, hunting and agricultural implements.
• Many fruits, medicines, dyes, sandalwood and bamboo is obtained from forests by the local people.
• Forests provide employment to a large number of people and also help in generating revenue.

There are two main groups of island in the Indian ocean. The Andaman and Nicobar groups in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadeep in the Arabian Sea.

The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakorum Range in the Himalayas where the line of control between India and Pakistan ends.

Postal Index Number

The Himalayan mountains are formed as a result of the collision between the Indian plate and Eurasian plate which began $$50$$ million years ago.

(i) Dala and Ramkali are landless farm labourers. They work on daily wages in Palampur. This means that they must regularly look for work.
(ii) The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is $$Rs 60$$ per day, but Dala and Ramkali get only $$Rs. 35-40$$.
(iii) There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. Both Dala and Ramkali are among the poorest people in the village.

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(i) India occupies an important strategic position in South Asia. India has 29 states and 7 Union Territories.
(ii) India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. Our southern neighbors across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives.
(iii) Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar while Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands. India has had strong geographical and historical links with her neighbors.

Dams are important because they provide water for domestic, industry and irrigation purposes. Dams often also provide hydroelectric power production and river navigation. Dams and their reservoirs provide recreation areas for fishing and boating. They help people by reducing or preventing floods.

Dodabetta is the highest mountain peak in the Nilgiri Hills. Nanda Devi, Amarkantak and Guru Sikhar are the highest mountain peaks in the Himalayan mountains, Maikal range and the Aravalli range respectively.

Betul, a town in Madhya Pradesh is situated on the banks of river Tapti. Jagdalpur is a town in Chhattisgarh on the banks of the river Indravati. Jabalpur is on the sides of the river Narmada and Ujjain is situated along the banks of the river Shipra.

The Jog waterfall is in river Sharavati in Karnataka. Sivasamudram falls is created on the course of river Cauvery in Karnataka. The Hundru Falls is created on the course of the Subarnarekha River in Jharkhand. The Bhedaghat falls is in Narmada river in Madhya Pradesh.

The Ukai Dam, constructed across the Tapti River, is the second largest reservoir in Gujarat. Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Himachal Pradesh. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is built across the Krishna river in Telangana. The Pandoh Dam is an embankment dam on the Beas River in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.

The Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. The Silent Valley National Park is in Kerala. Valley of Flowers National Park is situated in Uttarakhand. Indravati National Park is situated in the state of Chhattisgarh. 

Pakistan, Nepal, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan and Afghanistan.

The focus is the place where the earthquake actually occurs. The focus can be a mile or more under the surface of the earth. By triangulation of the earthquake wave the point directly above the focus can be located. This point is called the epicenter.

Allopatric speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.
Explanation:
Continents can drift apart, migratory birds may be blown off course, or fruit flies can be bred in different labs. Isolation may occur because of great distance or a physical barrier, such as a desert or a river. Various geographical changes can arise such as the movement of continents, and the formation of mountains, islands, bodies of water, or glaciers. Human activities like agriculture or development can change the distribution of species populations. These factors substantially alter a regions geography, resulting in the separation of a species population into isolated subpopulations.
The vicariant populations then undergo genetic changes as they become subjected to different selective pressures, experience genetic drift, and accumulate different mutations in the separated populations gene pools. The barriers prevent the exchange of genetic information between two populations leading to reproductive isolation. If at all the two populations do come into contact, they will be unable to reproduce - effectively speciating.
Allopatric speciation may also result even if a few individuals can cross the barrier to mate with members of the other group. For a speciation to be considered allopatric, gene flow between soon to be species must be greatly reduced - but it does not have to be reduced completely to zero.
Over a period of time individuals of each side of barrier differentiate. This may be due to a founder effect, in which only a part of the genetic variability originally present is represented in a new population; to chance loss of genetic variation through accidents of who happens to reproduce or not; or to adaptations to environmental differences on each side of the barrier.
A special case for f allopatric speciation results from isolating factors such as population dispersal leading to emigration causing speciation. Allopatric speciation is stipulated to be the most common form of speciation.

“Wildlife” is a word we use to describe all wild animals. It includes all animals that live in the wild. Wildlife includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, etc., that live in the wild.

The Pong Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Tehri dam is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat. Koner dam was constructed across the Konar River, a tributary of the Damodar River in Hazaribagh district in Jharkhand.

The Dul Hasti power plant is on Chandra River, a tributary of the Chenab River, in the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam in Gujarat. The Kadam Project is a reservoir on the river Kadem, a tributary river of the Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. The Gerusoppa Dam is on the Sharavati river in Karnataka.

Glacier: a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles

 

Meanders:

A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourses.

 

Beach: a pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the sea between high- and low-water marks.

 

A sand dune is a mound, hill or ridge of sand that lies behind the part of the beach affected by tides.

 

Waterfall :

A cascade of water falling from a height, formed when a river or stream flows over a precipice or steep incline.

 

Earthquake : a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.