The Judiciary System Of India - Class 8 General Knowledge - Extra Questions

State one advantage of a Lok Adalat.

Lok Adalats deliver fast and inexpensive justice. They reduce the workload of other courts.


What is meant by equality before the law?

It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person's status.


What is meant by the rule of law?

It means that no person is above the law. There cannot be any distinction between a political leader, government official and an ordinary Citizen.


What is laissez-faire?

The government was more or less a police state confining their activities to maintain law and order rendering justice and protecting the country from external aggression.


In which landmark case was judicial review first exercised by the Supreme Court of the United States?

Judicial review is the power of Superior Court to check the Constitutionality of the laws made by the legislature and actions of administrative authority and declare them unconstitutional or ultra vires(beyond the scope of law) if they are violative of the Constitution or inconsistent with the Constitution. This power puts a restraint on legislative as well as executive organs of the Government. The Doctrine of Judicial review was for the first time formulated by the Supreme Court of America in the historic case of "Marbury v. Madison". Chief Justice Marshall observed that "the constitution is the paramount law of the nation and every act of the legislature which is repugnant(violative) to the Constitution is void(illegal). The American Constitution does not expressly provide for the power of judicial review of Court while the Indian Constitution contains an express provision (article 13) for judicial review. The power of judicial review is exercised by the Supreme Court and High Court in India.


Explain the various jurisdictions of the Supreme Court of India.

The Supreme Court is the Apex Court of the nation. The constitution has conferred on the Supreme Court very wide jurisdiction. 

The jurisdictions and powers of the Supreme Court are as follows:

1) Original Jurisdiction -(Article 131) The power to hear any case first instance. E.g., Dispute between two states.

2) Writ Jurisdiction (article 32) - The power to issue different kinds of Writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme court has original jurisdiction regarding an issue of writs.

3) Appellate Jurisdiction -The supreme court primarily a court of Appeal and it hears the appeal against the judgment of High Courts. It has the following jurisdiction in this regard:
A) Appeals in Constitutional matters.
b) Appeals in Civil matters.
c) Appeals in Criminal matters.
d) Appeals by Special Leave - This is discretionary power of the supreme court.

4) Advisory Jurisdiction (article 143) - The president is authorized to seek an advisory opinion of the supreme court in certain matters. The supreme court provides its advice when it is sought by the President. The advice given however, is not binding on the president.


Who is the chief Justice of India ? 

Deepak Mishra ( 28 August 2017  till 2 October 2018 )


Answer briefly of the following questions.
State two legislative powers of the President of India.

The two legislative powers of the president of India are-
1. Absolute Veto- the President of India can exercise his right to pocket veto in case of ordinary bill or a bill introduced by a private member in the parliament. Where a bill is an ordinary bill passed by both houses, The President can sit on the bill and exercise his right of absolute veto. 
2. Ordinance Making of the President. when the parliament is not in session the President can pass an ordinance which he thinks is urgent and necessary. These ordinances have the same effect as that of an act of the parliament. When the parliament is in session again then these ordinance is laid down before both the houses of Parliament within six weeks of reassembling of the Parliament. If this is not done then, the ordinance becomes invalid.


Class 8 General Knowledge Extra Questions