The base of each pyramid represents the _________or the ___________level while the apex represents ____________
Consumers, first trophic and top trophic level
Producers, first trophic and top trophic level
Producers, second trophic and top trophic level
Consumers, second trophic and top trophic leve
Identify the relationship represented by the pyramid
Pyramid of number
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
None of the above
Which of the following pyramid represents the pyramid of number in grassland?
A
B
C
B & C
If the available energy at first trophic level is 10000 J then how much trophic levels it could support further?
2
3
4
5
The pyramid of biomass in the sea is generally
Upright
Inverted
Bell-shaped
Rectangular, stable.
Why does pyramid of energy is always upright?
Because energy can not be destroyed.
Smaller organisms have more potential energy than larger ones
Because when energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step.
More than one statement is correct.
Which of the following is not a limitation of ecological pyramids?
It does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.
It assumes a simple food chain, something that almost never exists in nature;
It does not accommodate a food web.
Saprophytes are not given a special place in ecological pyramids.
Which of the following group of organisms is not included in the ecological pyramids?
Herbivores
Carnivores
Saprophytes
Predators
In response to the changing environmental conditions, composition and structure of a community-
Remains constant
Constantly changes
Changes sometime
Never changes
What do you mean by ecological succession?
One community is succeeded by another
One community is dominant over another
The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species composition of a given area
Success of the ecological community.
During succession some species colonise an area, what does happen to the native species then?
Decline and even disappear
Flourish equally
Migrate
Decline in number
Ecological succession occurs-
In a species
In population
In a community
All of the above
Nature of change in community during succession is –
Orderly, sequential and parallel with the changes in the physical environment.
Independent of the changes in the physical environment.
Constant change
Depends upon the community
What do you mean by sere?
Series of communities in an area
The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area
The entire sequence of communities.
The entire sequence of communities that do not change in a given area.
The individual transitional communities in a sere are termed as-
Seral stages
Seral communities
Seral species
Both 1 and 2.
When did ecological succession start on earth?
after the rise of mammals
since life started
after the rise of plants
can’t say
Which of the following does not happen during successive seral stages?
Change in the diversity of species of organisms
Increase in the number of species and organisms
A decrease in the total biomass.
Change in the properties of soil
Where does succession starts?
In an area inhabiting small plants
In an area with no living organisms.
In an area with fertile soil only
In an area with blue green algae
If succession starts on bare rocks, it is known as-
Early succession
Primary succession
Secondary succession
A forest was completely wiped out by the fire, after a long time grasses appeared and then large trees, this type of succession is known as-
Reforestation
Which type of succession could occur at newly cooled lava, bare rock, newly created pond or reservoir?
Why does secondary succession is faster than primary succession?
It has fast growing plants
Soil formation is faster
Some soil or sediment is already present
It does not require water.
Which organisms are affected by the ecological succession?
Plants
animals
Birds
At any time during succession, natural or human induced disturbances (fire, deforestation, etc.), could-
Convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage.
Create new conditions that encourage some species and discourage or eliminate other species.
Have no effect on the continuous process of succession.
More than one options are correct.
In Hydrarch succession of plants successional series progress from –
Xeric to mesic conditions
Hydric to the mesic conditions
Hydric to xeric conditions
Xeric to hydric conditions.
In Xerarch succession of plants successional series progress from –
Which term represents the medium water condition?
Xeric
Hydric
Mesic
Metic
The species that invade a bare area are called as-
Pioneer species
Climax species
Keystone species
How do Lichens play a vital role in succession?
They grow in pollution free area
They secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation.
They are symbiotic association between fungi and algae.
What would be the order of plants in a xerarch succession?
Lichens, bryophytes, small annual plants, perennial herbs, grasses
Lichens, bryophytes, grasses, perennial herbs
Grasses, Lichens, bryophytes, herbs
Small annual plants, perennial herbs, grasses Lichens, bryophytes
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