In Hydrarch succession, the order of plant groups is-

  • Rooted-submerged plants, Phytoplanktons, rooted-floating angiosperms, reedswamp, scrub marsh-meadow,

  • Phytoplanktons, rooted-submerged plants, rooted-floating angiosperms, reedswamp, marsh-meadow, scrub

  • Phytoplanktons, rooted-submerged plants, rooted-floating angiosperms, scrub, reedswamp, marsh-meadow,

  • Phytoplanktons, rooted-floating angiosperms, rooted-submerged plants, reedswamp, marsh-meadow, scrub

In hydrarch succession, after the climax community is established, water body is converted into-

  • Pond

  • Land

  • Swamp

  • None of the above

What would be the climax of a hydrarch succession?

  • Grassland

  • Marsh-meadow

  • Forest

  • Reed-swamp

Xerarch and Hydrarch succession leads to respective climax communities as follows-

  • Xeric and hydric

  • Hydric and xeric

  • Mesic and mesic

  • Xeric and mesic

Identify the stages of hydrarch succession.

                      A                                               B

  • Reed-swamp stage Mmarsh-meadow stage

  • Submerged plant stage Scrub stage

  • Reed-swamp stage Submerged plant stage

  • Scrub stage Marsh-meadow stage

The amount of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, etc. present in the soil at any given time, is referred to as the -

  • Nutrient status of soil

  • Standing state

  • Standing crop

  • Mineral state.

Standing state does not vary in-

  • Different kinds of ecosystems

  • A seasonal basis

  • Different kinds of soil

  • Same kind of ecosystem.

Why does nutrients are never lost from the ecosystem?

  • Because they get transferred among various trophic levels.

  • Because they get recycled

  • Because they never get exhausted

  • Because they are required in very low quantity.

What do we call to the the movement of nutrient elements through the various components of
an ecosystem ?

  • Recycling

  • nutrient cycling

  • Biogeochemical cycle

  • Both 2 and 3.

Where do we find reservoir for gaseous type nutrient cycling?

  • Land

  • Sea

  • Earth’s crust

  • Atmosphere

Where do we find reservoir for sedimentary type nutrient cycling?

  • Land

  • Sea

  • Earth’s crust

  • Atmosphere

The rate of release of nutrients into the atmosphere is regulated by –

  • pH and moisture

  • Temperature

  • Soil

  • All of the above.

What per cent of the dry weight of organisms constitutes carbon?

  • 17%

  • 28%

  • 49%

  • 67%

Which is the second abundant matter in the body of an organism?

  • Phosphorous

  • Hydrogen

  • Carbon

  • Calcium

How much of the total quantity of global carbon is dissolved in the oceans?

  • 50%

  • 62%

  • 71%

  • 84%

Which of the following reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

  • Ocean

  • Earth’s crust

  • Land

  • Fossil

Approximately how much of carbon is fixed in the biosphere through photosynthesis annually.

  • 4 × 1013 kg

  • 5.4 x 1015 kg

  • 6.4 x 1011 kg

  • 13 x 104 kg

Which of the following contribute to the atmospheric CO2?
  •  Producers
  • Herbivores
  • Saprotrophs
  • All of the above

How could human activities affect the carbon cycle?

  • By Rapid forestation

  • By Massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport

  • By Forest fire

  • More than one options are correct.

The net primary productivity of oceans is about:
  •     25 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere
  •     33 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere
  •     66 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere 
  •     70 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere

Which is the natural reservoir of Phosphorous?

  • Ocean

  • Fossils

  • Rock

  • Soil

How do herbivores and other animals obtain Phosphorous?

  • From soil in the dissolved form

  • From plants

  • From drinking water

  • Synthesized in the body.

The waste products and the dead organisms are decomposed by ____________releasing phosphorus.

  • parasitic bacteria

  • phosphate-solubilising bacteria

  • phosphate-solubilising fungi

  • Acidic soil.

Match the following:

Column I Column II
(i) no respiratory release of element into the atmosphere 1. Carbon cycle
(ii) atmospheric inputs of elements through rainfall are much smaller 2. Phosphorous cycle
(iii)

Gaseous exchanges of elements between organism and environment are negligible
(iv) Human activities have significantly influenced the cycle
(v)

According to one estimate, 4×1013 kg of an element is fixed in the biosphere through photosynthesis annually

  • 1- i and v; 2- ii, iii and iv

  • 1- iv and v; 2- i, ii and iii

  • 1- iv and iii; 2- i, ii and v

  • 1- i and ii, iii; 2- iv and iv

The products of ecosystem processes are named as-

  • Environment services

  • Ecosystem services

  • Ecosystem products

  • Ecosystem taxes

Who put the price tags on nature’s life-support services?

  • Robert may

  • John Ray

  • Robert Constanza

  • Reiter

How much price has been estimated by the researchers for the fundamental ecosystem services?

  • US $ 22 billion a year

  • US $ 33 trillion a year

  • US $ 40 trillion a year

  • US $ 52 million a year

What is the global gross nationalproduct GNPvalue?

b

  • US $ 16 trillion

  • US $ 18 trillion

  • US $ 24 trillion

  • US $ 26 trillion.

Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, the soil
formation accounts for about

  • 15%

  • 25%

  • 35%

  • 50%

Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, the cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife are About-

  • 6 and 10%

  • 10 and 10%

  • 10 and 18 %

  • 6 and 6%

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