A. DNA polymorphism plays important role in evolution and speciation.
B. 99.9% nucleotides bases are exactly same in all people
C. Chromosome 1 has the fewest genes (23) and Y-chromosomes has most genes (2968)
D. BAC and YAC have been used in Human Genome Project.

  • All correct                   

  • All incorrect

  • A, B, D are correct       

  • B, C, D are correct

Which one(s) is / are correct?
A. In prokaryotes, a single type of RNA polymerase can transcribe mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
B. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNAs (28S, 18S, and 5.8S), whereas RNA polymerase III is responsible for the transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA, and snRNAs.
C. RNA pol II transcribes hnRNA in eukaryotes.
D. Ribosomal large subunit has p and A-sites.
  • A, C               

  • A, B, C, D                 

  • B, C, D                 

  • A, B, D

Go through the following diagram of Nucleosome (structural unit of chromatin). Identify its componential parts indicated by A, B and C:

 

A

B

C

(1)

RNA

Non histone

Histone

(2)

DNA

H1 histone

Histone

Octamer

(3)

RNA

Histone

Octamer

(4)

DNA

Non histone

Histone

H1 histone
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Following is the schematic structure of transcription unit having some important components indicated by A, B, C, D and E. In which of four option the components are identified correctly:

 

A

B

C

D

E

(1)

Terminator

Transcription start site

Promoter

Template strand

Coding strand

(2)

Promoter

Transcription start site

Terminator

Coding strand

Template strand

(3)

Promoter

Transcription start site

Terminator

Template strand

Coding strand

(4)

Terminator

Transcription start site

Promoter

Coding strand

Template strand
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

The fact that the genetic code is almost universal in living organisms is considered to be evidence that all organisms:

  • Are evolutionarily related

  • Are genetically identical

  • Have the same sequence of anticodons

  • None of the above

In the following diagram of the lac operon, an operon for inducible enzymes, identify components and enzymes:

 

X

Y

E1

E2

E3

(1)

Repressor protein

Inducer (lactose)

â-Galactosidase

Permease

Transacetylase

(2)

Inducer (lactose)

Repressor protein

â-Galactosidase

Permease

Transacetylase

(3)

Repressor protein

Inducer (lactose)

â-Galactosidase

Transacetylase

Permease

(4)

Repressor protein

Inducer (lactose)

Permease

Transacetylase

â-Galactosidase
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

If the DNA of this virus was labeled with 32P and the protein of the virus was labeled with 35S, which molecule(s) would be present inside the cells?

  • 35S and 32P

  • 35S only

  • 32P only

  • Neither molecule would be present inside the cell

Which of the following statements is correct?
I. The biochemical nature of genetic material was not defined from the experiments conducted by Griffith
II. Working on transformation Avery et al concluded DNA is genetic material but not all biologists were convinced
III. RNA is the genetic material in TMV, QB bacteriophage etc.
IV. DNA is the predominant genetic material while RNA performs dynamic functions of messenger adapter
V. Viruses having DNA genome and having shorter life span mutate and evolve faster

  • All are correct             

  • I and II             

  • All except V               

  • III and IV

The prediction of sequence of amino acid is _____A ____ if the sequence of nucleotides mRNA is known. The prediction of sequence of nucleotide is concerned mRNA is ____B____ because the genetic code is _____C_____:

  • A - possible, B - impossible, C - universal

  • A - possible, B - impossible, C - degenerate

  • A - impossible, B - possible, C - universal

  • A - impossible, B - possible, C - degenerate

Choose the correct statements:
I. Binding of mRNA to the ribosome is loose and reversible.
II. The ribosome, which is composed of tRNA and proteins, consists of a small and large subunit.
III. Each of the 20 amino acids has a minimum of one specific tRNA molecule.
IV. tRNAMET binds to the first codon (AUG) - this is called the START codon.
V. The second tRNA binds to the second codon so that their attached monosaccharides are next to each other
VI. The newly formed polypeptide may undergo post-transcriptional modification.

  • I, V, VI

  • I, III and IV         

  • II, IV, VI               

  • II, V and VI           

The length of DNA has 45000 base pairs. How many complete turns will the DNA molecule take?

  • 45000            

  • 450                

  • 4500               

  • 45

Go through the following facts:
I. 'AAG' always code for lysine. It cannot code for any other amino acid.
II. Serine amino acid can be coded by UCU / UCC / UCA or UCG.
III. UUU form phenylalanine in bacteria as well as human beings.
IV. UUU GGG CCC AAA Me codes for five amino acids.
Now point out nature of genetic code after reading above:

  • 1 – Specificity / Non-ambiguity of code; II - Universality of code; III - Degeneracy of code; IV - Triplet and non-overlapping code
  • I – Specificity / Non-ambiguity of code; II - Degeneracy of code; III - Universality of code; IV - Triplet and non-overlapping code
  • 1 – Specificity / Non-ambiguity of code; II - Degeneracy of code; III - Universality of code; IV - Triplet and overlapping code
  • 1 – Specificity / Non-ambiguity of code; II - Universality of code; III - Degeneracy of code; IV - Triplet and overlapping code

The full form of ELSI is:

  • Embedded Low Software Index    

    (2) Ear Lung Spleen Immunity

  • 2

  • Ethical Legal and Social Issue      

    (4) Endonuclease Ligase Surface Immunity

  • 4

DNA fingerprinting works because:

  • Genes containing the same alleles make it simple to compare different individuals

  • PCR allows amplification of proteins from single cells

  • There are multiple alleles for some DNA sequences, making it possible to obtain unique patterns for each individual

  • DNA in the skin cells is very diverse

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because:

  • Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3' to 5' in eukaryotes and from 5' to 3' in bacteria

  • Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3' in eukaryotes and from 3' to 5' in bacteria

  • There are many replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only one in bacterial DNA

  • Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3' in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes

Mutations are:

  • Heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases that produce an observable phenotype

  • Heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases

  • Mistakes in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins

  • Heritable changes in the mRNA of an organism

You have analyzed the DNA isolated from a newly discovered virus and found that its base composition is 32% A, 17% C, 32% G, and 19% T. What would be a reasonable explanation of this observation?

  • The virus must be extraterrestrial

  • In some viruses, double-stranded DNA is made up of base pairs containing two purines or two pyrimidines

  • Some of the T was converted to C during the isolation procedure

  • The genome of the phage is single-stranded not double-stranded

The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from the:

  • Sugar                                          

  • ATP

  • Release of phosphates                   

  • NADPH

The force that holds DNA together in a double helix is:

  • The force of the twist                   

  • Covalent bonds

  • Ionic bonds or ionic interactions   

  • Hydrogen bonds

The enzyme that unwind the DNA prior to replication is called:

  • DNA polymerase III                      

  • DNA ligase

  • Primase                                       

  • Helicase

If Hershey and Chase had found 'S in both the pellet and the supernatant, the conclusion about the nature of DNA replication would be that:

  • Protein must be the information molecule

  • It would be difficult to conclude anything from these results

  • DNA is the genetic information molecule

  • Phage must have stuck to the bacteria

Experiments by Avery, Macleod, and McCarty supported DNA as the genetic material by showing that:

  • Both protein and DNA samples provided the transforming factor

  • DNA was not complex enough to be the genetic material

  • Only samples with DNA provided transforming activity

  • Even though DNA was molecularly simple, it provided adequate variation to act as the genetic material

What are the mini-satellites?

  • r-DNA             

  • VNTR              

  • c-DNA             

  • SAT

Which statement about complementary base pairing is not true?
  • It plays a role in DNA replication
  • In DNA, T pairs with A
  • Purines pair with purines, and pyrimidines pair with pyrimidines
  • In DNA, C pairs with G

Western Blot hybridization is used for:

  • DNA analysis                               

  • RNA analysis

  • Protein analysis                             

  • Polysaccharide analysis

SNP which is pronounced as "snips” stands for:

  • Small nuclear protein                   

  • Single nucleotide particle

  • Single nucleotide polymorphism   

  • Small nicking points

The length of E. coli DNA and length of DNA in a human 2N cell is:

  • (1) 36 mm and 2.2 m respectively  

  • (2) 1.36 mm and 2 mm respectively

  • (3) 1.3 ìm and 2.2 ìm respectively    

  • (4) 1.36 cm and 2.2 cm respectively

Escherichia coli cells were grown for many generations in 15NH4Cl as sole nitrogen source. Subsequently, these cells were grown exactly for four generations in medium containing 14NH4Cl. The DNA from these cells were isolated and separated. If 15N/15N represents the two strands of DNA where both strands have heavy nitrogen; 15N/14N as intermediate DNA; and 14N/14N as DNA containing light nitrogen, the ratios for heavy: intermediate: light DNA, respectively would be:

  • 1 : 1 : 6         

  • 1 : 0 : 7         

  • 0 : 1 : 7          

  • 0 : 8 : 0

0:0:1


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Practice Botany Quiz Questions and Answers