Sinking of zooplankton during the day and rising to the surface at night is an example of

  • circinal rhythm               

    (2) circadian rhythm

  • 2

  • tidal rhythm                   

    (4) None of these

  • 4

Light as an abiotic factor is important

  • For photosynthesis and flowering only

  • Foraging, reproductive and migratory activities of animals

  • A and B both

  • Only for autotrophs

Which statement among the following is wrong?

  • More than 500 m depth of the ocean doesn't get sunlight

  • The spectral quality of solar light is important.

  • All the color components of the visible spectrum are not available for marine plants.

  • The UV component of light is harmful to all the organisms

Birth rate = B

Death Rate = D

Emigration = E

Immigration = I

     Column-I

   Column-II

A. Population is stable

I.   B + I > D + E

B. Population is increasing

II.  B + I = D + E

C. Population is decreasing

III. B + I < D + E

IV. B + E > D + I

  • A - II, B - I, C – III

  • A - II, B - IV, C - III

  • A - III, B - IV, C – I

  • A - I, B - II, C - IV

Animals with a constant body temperature such as mammals and birds require more food than do animals with a changing body temperature such as reptiles and fish. Why?

  • Much of the food is utilised to produce heat to keep warm

  • Warm-blooded animals waste more food than cold-blooded animals

  • Cold-blooded animals digest their food more efficiently than warm-blooded animals

  • None of the above

Ecological niche is:

  • The surface area of the ocean

  • An ecologically adapted zone

  • The physical position and functional role of a species within the community

  • Formed of all plants and animals living at the bottom of a lake

I. Organisms living in oceans, lakes, and rivers face water-related problems.
II. Euryhaline can tolerate a wide range of salinities
III. Stenohaline are restricted to a narrow range of salinities
IV. No freshwater animals cannot live for long in seawater but sea animals can live in freshwater for a long time because of osmotic balance
V. The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts per thousand), is less than 5 in inland water, 30-35 in the sea, and >100 in some hypersaline lagoons.

  • All are correct                     

  • All are false

  • Only IV is wrong                 

  • Only I, III, V are correct

Which of the following term implies the maintenance of relatively constant physical and chemical conditions with organisms?

  • Homeostasis   

  • Adaptation      

  • Isometry         

  • Acclimation

Human can get homeostasis through:

  • Only physiological means

  • Only physical means

  • Both physiological and physical means

  • Neither physiological nor physical means

Which of the following statement is false?

  • Osmoconformors are able to maintain homeostasis by physiological means or sometimes behavioural means also which ensure constant body temperature, constant osmotic concentration etc

  • All birds and mammals, and a very few lower vertebrates and invertebrates are capable of osmoregulation and thermoregulation

  • Thermoregulation is the major reason of the success mammals

  • Sweating and shivering are the means of thermoregulation by humans

I. Thermoregulation, osmoregulation and excretion are mechanisms that moderate change in the body.
II. 99% animals and almost all plants are conformers
III. Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area.
IV. Thermoregulation energetically least expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds
V. 99% animals are thermoregulator
VI. Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperature

  • I and II are wrong                 

  • IV, V and VI are wrong

  • None is wrong                       

  • All are wrong

Why small animals are not found in polar area mostly?

  • Because they have a smaller surface area relative to their volume

  • Because they have a larger volume relative to their surface area

  • Because they have a smaller metabolic rate

  • Because they have a larger surface area relative to their volume

Kangaroo rats:

  • Have a generalized diet               

  • Avoid eating fats

  • Do not need to drink water          

  • Are insensitive to heat

Find out false one:
  • Mammals from colder climate generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss

  • All organisms have behavioural adaptations that allow them to respond quickly to a stressful situation

  • Some organisms possess adaptations that are physiological which allow them to respond quickly to a stressful situation

  • A large variety of invertebrates and fish live at great depths in the ocean where the pressure could be > 100 times than the normal atmospheric pressure

Which of the following statement is false with respect to adaptations?

  • Many xerophytic plants have thick cuticle on leaf epidermis, sunken stomata

  • Some xerophytic plants have special photosynthetic pathway (CAM) that enables their stomata close during day

  • Opuntia has spines (modified leaves), photosynthetic phylloclade (stem)

  • All adaptations are genetically fixed all organisms

Density of a population (D) is:

  •  D=D (size)W (wt.)                           

  •  D=S (space)N (number)

  •   D=N (number)S (space)                           

  • None of the above

If the age distribution (percent individuals of a given age or age group) is plotted for population, the resulting structure is called:

  • Survivorship curve                       

  • Life table

  • Age pyramid                                

  • Logistic model

The age distribution of a population is determined by:

  • Timing of birth

  • Timing of death

  • The rate at which the population is growing

  • All are correct

What four factors define population growth?

  • Births; deaths, immigration, emigration

  • Survivorship, age-specific mortality, fecundity, death rate

  • Mark-recapture, census, quadrate sampling, transects

  • Age-specific birth rate, metapopulation structure, quadrate, ecotone

Population growth of a species is not related to which of the following parameters?

  • Nt + 1 = Nt + [(B + I) − (D + E)]

  • Out of the four basic processes effecting population growth three leads to increase in population size

  • For a newly colonised habitat immigration plays major role than birth rate

  • Under normal conditions, natality and mortality are the most important factors

The density of a population in a given habitat during a given period, fluctuates due to changes in four basic processes. On this basis fill up A and B boxes in the given diagram with correct options:

  • () A = Natality + Immigration, B = Mortality + Emigration

  • () A = Natality + Mortality, B = Immigration + Emigration

  • () A = Birth rate + Death rate, B = Migration + Emigration

  • () A = Natality + Emigration, B = Mortality + Immigration

Exponential growth occurs when there is:

  • Asexual reproduction only            

  • Sexual reproduction only

  • No inhibition from crowding         

  • A fixed carrying capacity

The logistic population growth model, dN/dt = rN (K - N/K), describes a populations growth when an upper limit to growth is assumed. This upper limit to growth is known as the population's ________, and as N gets larger, dN/dt ________:

  • Biotic potential, increases            

  • Biotic potential, decreases

  • Carrying capacity, increases                  

  • Carrying capacity, decreases

In a population growth rate curve the lag phase represents the period when a population is adjusting to a new environment.
II. In a population growth rate curve the steepest part of growth phase represents the period when a population is growing exponentially.
III. In the stationary phase of a population growth rate curve the population is in dynamic equilibrium
IV. Human have changed the carrying capacity of the earth.

  • All are correct           

  • I, II, III             

  • II, III               

  • I, IV

A broad-based, pyramid shaped age structure is characteristic of a population that is:

  • Growing rapidly                                     

  • At carrying capacity

  • Stable                                          

  • Shrinking

Carrying capacity for a population is estimated at 500; the population size is currently 400; and rmax = 0.01. What is dN/dt?

  • 50

  • 0.01               

  • 0.8                 

  • 8                    

The evolution of the animal immune system was probably driven by:

  • Herbivores pushing the animals toward extinction

  • The selective pressures of parasitic and disease organisms

  • Competition between the animals and their habitats

  • Symbiosis between the animals and their predators

Which of the following is not entirely true fact?

  • Competition occurs when closely related species compete for the same resources that are limiting

  • Totally unrelated species could compete for the same resource

  • Resources need not be limiting for competition to occur; in interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources are abundant.

  • A complex interplay of interspecific interactions and environmental variability characterizes community structure

Connell's elegant field experiments are related to:

  • Paramecium    

  • Barnacles        

  • Viruses           

  • Protozoans

Select the false one:
  • The niche of a population is the set of conditions and resources it uses

  • Competitive exclusion principle was first described by Gause, for species of Paramecium

  • If a new predator is introduced to an area the prey species is likely to decrease and possibly become extinct

  • None of the above

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Practice Botany Quiz Questions and Answers