Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions mainly because:
 
  •     there is abundance of large predators in the polar regions
  •     very small animals are generally herbivores and grasses do not grow in polar regions
  •     the water is found only beneath the frozen ice in polar regions
  •     they have a larger surface area relative to their volume
Match each item in column I with one in column II and select the correct match from the codes given:      
Column I Column II
A Hibernation P Bears in winter months
B Aestivation Q Air breathing land snails
C Diapause R Zooplankton in lakes and ponds

Codes:
A B C
1. P Q R
2. Q P R
3. P R Q
4. R Q P
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
Kangaroo rat:
I.    has a marsupium to nurse the young ones
II.    obtain enough water from the metabolic oxidation of the seeds they eat to survive and do not need to drink water at all
 
  •     Only I is correct
  •     Only II is correct
  •     Both I and II are correct
  •     Both I and II are incorrect
Given below are two population pyramids, both of India, one for year 2000 and another for year 2020:

 
  •     Pyramid A is of 2020 as it has a broader base
  •     Pyramid B is of 2000 as it has more females in the younger age groups
  •     Pyramid B is of 2020 as it has more females in the younger age groups
  •     Pyramid A is of 2000 as it has a broader base
The population of Ukraine today is most likely to be affected by:
 
  •     Natality
  •     Mortality
  •     Immigration
  •     Emigration
Predators:
 
  •     act as conduits for energy transfer across trophic levels
  •     do not include herbivores in broad ecological context
  •     indiscriminately kill their prey
  •     have a very high biotic potential
Fishes living in freshwater:
 
  •     drink lot of water, pass lot of urine and constantly lose salt to the outside
  •     do not drink water, pass lot of urine and constantly pick salt actively from the outside
  •     do not drink water, pass highly concentrated  urine and constantly pick salt actively from the outside
  •     drink water, pass highly concentrated  urine and constantly lose salt actively to the outside
Consider the two statements:
I.    Haemoglobin in humans adapted to very high altitudes has a lower binding affinity for oxygen than that found in humans living at the sea level.
II.    Lower affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen means more oxygen can bind to haemoglobin even at low partial pressures
 
  •     Both I and II are correct and II explains I
  •     Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
  •     I is correct but II is incorrect
  •     Both I and II are incorrect
The relationship between Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter can be best described as:
 
  •     Mutualism
  •     Commensalism
  •     Competition
  •     Amensalism
Consider the two given statements:
I.    The life cycles of endoparasites are more complex than that of the ectoparasites.
II.    The morphological and anatomical features of endoparasites are greatly simplified.
 
  •     Both I and II are correct and II explains I
  •     Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
  •     I is correct but II is incorrect
  •     Both I and II are incorrect
According to the ISFR [India State of Forest Report] 2021, what percent of total geographic area of India is the forest cover?
 
  • 50
  • 66.66
  • 21.7
  • 33.33
Temperature is the most important environmental factor for organisms because:
 
  • it affects enzyme kinetics
  • its availability is closely linked to availability of light
  • it causes more water to be available in oceans
  • vast majority of organisms are eurythermals
For which of the following animals will thermoregulation be the most energetically expensive?
 
  • Elephant
  • Humming bird
  • Rabbit
  • Horse
To overcome short duration stressful conditions, organism may escape the stressful conditions in time. All the following will be example for this strategy except:
 
  • Hibernation
  • Aestivation
  • Migration
  • Diapause
Most birds and mammals:
 
  • breed many times during their lifetime and produce a small number of large-sized offspring. 
  • breed only once during their lifetime and produce a small number of large-sized offspring. 
  • breed many times during their lifetime and produce a large number of small-sized offspring. 
  • breed only once during their lifetime and produce a large number of small-sized offspring.
Cattle and goats are not seen browsing on Calotropis growing in abandoned fields because:
 
  • the plant has large number of thorns
  • the plant produces toxic cardiac glycosides
  • the plant leaves secrete lot of distasteful mucilage
  • the plant produces secondary metabolite strychnine
In accordance with their life styles, parasites evolved special adaptations that do not include:
 
  • the loss of unnecessary sense organs
  • presence of adhesive organs or suckers to cling on to the host
  • loss of digestive system 
  • low reproductive capacity.
Which of the following is not an example of commensalism?
 
  • An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch
  • Barnacles growing on the back of a whale 
  • Cuckoo laying eggs in the nests of crow
  • Clown fish living among the tentacles of sea anemone
If N is the population size, r is the intrinsic growth rate, K is the carrying capacity of the local environment, and dN/dt is the rate of change in population with time, then the Verhulst-Pearl Logistic growth equation is correctly written as:
 
  •     dN/dt = rN[1- N/K]
  •     dN/dt = rN[1- K/N]
  •     dN/dt = rN + [1- N/K]
  •     dN/dt = rN + [1- K/N]
Thermoregulation is likely to be energetically most expensive for:
 
  •     Blue whale
  •     Humans
  •     Humming birds
  •     Elephant
In ‘competitive release’:
 
  •     differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur, but are minimized or lost where the species' distributions do not overlap.
  •     two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values.
  •     there is an expansion of the range of a species when a competitor for its niche is removed.
  •     there is a division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche.
Identify the option where the relationship between given organisms is correctly described:
  • Flamingoes visiting American lakes and resident fishes: Commensalism
  • Yucca plant and Tegeticula yuccasella, the yucca moth: Mutualism
  • Female Anopheles and humans: Parasitism
  • Lichens: Predation
If you draw the age pyramid for a population that is expanding in size, you would expect that:
  • the number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group are more than the number of individuals in reproductive age group.
  • the number of individuals in the reproductive age group are less than the number of individuals in post-reproductive age group.
  • the number of individuals in the reproductive age group are equal to the number of individuals in reproductive age group.
  • the number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group are less than the number of individuals in reproductive age group.
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