Explanation
If income changes from 3000 to 4500 and saving changes from 600 to 900, then calculate APS?
If income changes from 1000 to 1500 and saving changes from 200 to 250, then calculate APS .
So, equilibrium is achieved when:
AD = AS … (1)
We know, AD is the sum total of Consumption (C) and Investment (I):
AD = C + I … (2)
Also, AS is the sum total of consumption (C) and saving (S):
AS = C + S … (3)
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we get:
C + S = C + I.....(4)
2)Saving-Investment approach
According to this approach, the equilibrium level of income is determined at a level, when planned saving (S) is equal to planned investment (I).
from equation( 4)
S = I
The Keynesian consumption function is given as: C = a + b Y
where, C= Consumption,
Y = Income
a = autonomous consumption and
b = marginal propensity to consume
C = 900 + 0.3 Y
The Keynesian saving function is given as: S = -a +(1- b) Y
where, S= Savings,
b = marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
S = -150 + (1- 0.6) x 450 = 30.Saving = Rs. 30 crore.
So C = 600 + 0.8 Y
According to this approach of equilibrium, the equilibrium is reached only when Investment(I) is equals to Savings(S) because at this level there is no tendency for income and output to change. In the diagram the equilibrium is at E1 where savings intersects investment curve At this point, I=S. When S is more than I , then the planned inventory would fall below the desired level. To bring back the Inventory at the desired level, the producers expand the output More output means more income. Rise in output means rise in I and rise in income means rise in S. Both continue to rise till they reach E1, S=I. When S is less than I, then the planned inventory rises above the desired level. To clear the unwanted increase in inventory, firms plan to reduce the output till S becomes equal to I. So, equilibrium takes place only at point E1, when S=I.
S = -700 + (1- 0.7) x Y
S = -700 + 0.3 Y
S = -200 + (1- 0.8) x Y
S = -200+0.2Y
Investment multiplier refers to the number of time by which the increase in output or income exceeds the increase in investment. It is measured as the ratio between change in income and change in investment. Therefore, it expresses the magnitude of change in income as a result of change in investment in the economy.
Investment multiplier refers to the number of time by which the increase in output or income exceeds the increase in investment. It is measured as the ratio between change in income and change in investment and it is denoted as 'k'.
Multiplier or investment multiplier refers to the number of time by which the increase in output or income exceeds the increase in investment. It is measured as the ratio between change in income and change in investment and it is denoted as 'k'.
Multiplier(k) = 1/( 1 - MPC) = 1/ (1-0) = 1/1 = 1 time.
Investment multiplier refers to the number of time by which the increase in output or income exceeds the increase in investment. It is measured as the ratio between change in income and change in investment and it is denoted as 'k'. Algebraically,
k = ΔY/ ΔI where Y is the income and I is the investment expenditure in the economy.
Please disable the adBlock and continue. Thank you.