Explanation
Conventional energy directly mean the energy source which is fixed in nature like oil, gas and coal. In other words conventional energy is also termed as non-renewable energy sources. Their use leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental damage. Natural gas is a fossil fuel used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. It is a non-renewable resource.
Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. The percentage of butane is around 70% and that of propane is around 30%.
Cooking oil or Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and in heating oil burners. When vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to as straight vegetable oil (SVO) or pure plant oil (PPO). Conventional diesel engines can be modified to help ensure that the viscosity of the vegetable oil is low enough to allow proper atomization of the fuel. This prevents incomplete combustion, which would damage the engine by causing a build-up of carbon. Straight vegetable oil can also be blended with conventional diesel or processed into biodiesel or bioliquids for use under a wider range of conditions.
Hence, the correct option is $$D$$
A catalytic converter is an emissions control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in the exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalysing a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction). Catalytic converters are used with internal combustion engines fuelled by either petrol (gasoline) or diesel—including lean-burn engines as well as kerosene heaters and stoves. These converters combined oxygen with carbon monoxide ($$CO$$) and unburned hydrocarbons ($$HC$$) to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Carbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. In the presence of oxygen, including atmospheric concentrations, carbon monoxide burns with a blue flame, producing carbon dioxide.
Petroleum and natural gas are formed by the anaerobic decomposition of remains of organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions, millions of years ago. Over geological time, this organic matter, mixed with mud, got buried under heavy layers of sediment. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure caused the organic matter to chemically alter, first into a waxy material known as kerogen which is found in oil shales, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Despite these heat driven transformations (which may increase the energy density compared to typical organic matter), the embedded energy is still photosynthetic in origin.
There is a wide range of organic, or hydrocarbon, compounds in any given fuel mixture. The specific mixture of hydrocarbons gives a fuel its characteristic properties, such as boiling point, melting point, density, viscosity, etc. Some fuels like natural gas, for instance, contain only very low boiling, gaseous components. Others such as gasoline or diesel contain much higher boiling components.
Demand for natural resources has in the past been correlated with economic growth, but there are more factors at play than simple economics. Population change alone does also not lead to more demands for natural resources – although both play a part. Factors such as income growth, environmental change, advances in technology and price pressures all have a part to play.
Otto cycle is the typical cycle for most of the cars internal combustion engines that work using gasoline as a fuel. To reduce pollution LPG is used as a source of clean fuel. Blast furnace gas may be combined with natural gas or coke oven gas before combustion. Hence all of the above are used for internal combustion of engines.
The Pollutant Standards Index, or PSI, is a type of air quality index, which is a number used to indicate the level of pollutants in air. The PSI is reported as a number on a scale of 0 to 500. The index figures enable the public to determine whether the air pollution levels in a particular location are good, unhealthy, hazardous or worse.
Non-luminous flames are the ones that burn blue. These flames have access to as much oxygen as they could possibly use, so they can burn very efficiently. All of the carbon that gets used can be turned into carbon dioxide, so there's actually no soot. Complete combustion of LPG takes place. Hence, it burns with a blue flame.
The Complete Combustion of Natural Gas yields carbon dioxide and water. Complete combustion happens when the hydrocarbon burns in an excess of air. An excess of air means that there is more than enough oxygen to cause all of the carbon to turn into carbon dioxide.
The methane gas burns with a clear blue flame.
methane + oxygen $$\rightarrow$$ carbon dioxide + water + energy
$$CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(l)$$
The reaction is exothermic. The heat released from burning natural gas is used for central heating and to generate electricity.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG consists mainly of methane, propane, propylene, butane, and butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) can now be used as a fuel for gas-fueled captive power plants. Natural gas as fuel source has a significant number of benefits versus diesel including reduced emissions and reduced fuel costs.
Natural gas can be used to generate electricity in a variety of ways. The most basic natural gas-fired electric generation consists of a steam generation unit, where fossil fuels are burned in a boiler to heat water and produce steam that then turns a turbine to generate electricity. It is a non-renewable resource. Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates. Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in close proximity to and with natural gas.
Ethyl mercaptan, is a colourless gas or clear liquid with a distinct odour. It is an organosulfur compound with formula $$C{ H }_{ 3 }C{ H }_{ 2 }SH$$.
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