Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 Geography - Extra Questions

What are the main characteristics of mineral resources?

The following are the main characteristics of mineral resources:
 1. Mineral resources are nonrenewable resources. The process of mineral formation is beyond human control and cannot be accelerated.
2. Mineral resources have a definite chemical composition. The composition of chemical is unique in every other mineral.
3. The minerals whatever the type cannot be used directly. They become usable only after they are processed and refined.
4. Minerals come from inorganic processes. That means there is no existence of life in the formation of minerals. 
5. Minerals are mostly found in solid forms with a definite international structure.


How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?

In sedimentary rocks minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata.
The process of the physical, chemical and biological process also affects the process of mineral formation in the sedimentary rocks.


What is the importance of lignite coalfields of Tamil Nadu?

Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity.


Which region is the largest producer of coal in India?

The leading coal producer region of India is Chhattisgarh with the production of 127.095 Million Tonnes. Sonhat, Lakhanpur, Sendurgarh are major coal producing areas of this state.



Name the states in India that have significant reserves of manganese.

  • Manganese is a chemical compound which is not found as a free element. It is often found as an alloy mixed with iron. It is mainly used in production of stainless steel.
  • It is found surplus in India. The main reserves are found in Karnataka, followed by Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Goa. India is the fifth largest producer of manganese and first being Brazil.



When and where was the first coal mine opened in India?

Coal mining in India, first started in the Raniganj Coalfield. In 1774, John Sumner and Suetonius Grant Heatly of the British East India Company found the coal.



Name the four most important coal producing states of India.

The top four coal producing places of India are Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh.



Name two special features of coal mined from the Gondwana coalfields.

In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.


Name the main Teritary coal producing states of India.

In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. Tertiary coals occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.


Name the main varieties of iron ore and the iron content present in each one of them.

  • Magnetite, haematite, Goethite and limonite or siderite are different types of ores of iron.
  • The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite which has 72.4% iron, hematite with 69.9% iron, goethite with 62.9% iron, limonite or siderite with 48.2% iron.  



Three features A, B and C are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:

A. Mica mines

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Rajasthan


How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India ? Give your opinion.

 India is a tropical country; it has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy. Solar energy is an important alternate source like the wind energy. The use of solar energy will be able to minimize the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes which causes a lot of pollution and is harmful for the lungs. Use of Solar Energy will reduce the pressure on conventional sources of energy. 


Why has the 'Chhotanagpur Plateau Region' the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyze the reasons.

Chotanagpur Plateau Region has maximum concentration of Iron and Steel industries because: 
1) Low cost of iron ore is available 
2) High-grade raw material is in proximity 
3) Cheap labour 
4) Vast growth of potential in the home market 


Which are the major states producing manganese in India?

Orissa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra are the important manganese-producing states. In addition, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Punjab and Goa also produce manganese ore.


Give names of Non-ferrous minerals. Describe any two.

Non-ferrous minerals are those minerals which do not have iron. example, copper, gold, lead, etc.
  • Copper:- Copper is malleable, ductile and a good conductor of heat. It is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.
  • Aluminum:- Pure aluminum is a silvery-white metal with many desirable characteristics. it is light, nontoxic, nonmagnetic and non sparking. it is easily formed, machined and cast. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloys with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese and other elements have very useful properties.


Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain.

 We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption. 


Why is there a great demand for mica in the world?

Mica has some qualities which increases its demand in the world. It has a property of insulation and elasticity which makes it useful in the electrical industry. Indian mica is considered to be the best in the world.


Write any two uses of Copper mineral.

1. Copper is an essential component in the motors, wiring, radiators, connectors, brakes, and bearings used in cars and trucks. 
2. Large amounts of Copper are also used to make alloys such as brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper, tin, and zinc). Copper is also alloyed with precious metals such as gold and silver.


Give the names of four important types of iron ore found in India.

(i) Magnetite (ii) Haematite (iii) Limonite (iv) Siderite


i. Name the state that produces the largest amount of limestone.
ii. State two uses of limestone.

i. The largest producer of limestone is Madhya Pradesh.
ii. Uses of limestone are:
   (a) It is a very important industrial material required in various chemical industries like soda, caustic soda, bleaching powder, etc.
   (b) It is also required for industries like paper, cement, iron and steel, glass,
fertilizers, etc.


Answer the following:
(i) State one industrial use of copper.
(ii) Mention one advantage of generating power from bio-gas.
(iii) Name the mineral that toughens steel and makes it rust-proof.

  • Heavily used in electrical equipment and machinery.
  • The advantage of generating power from biogas is that it releases less harmful gases and cleaner fuel.
  • Chromium is used for anti-corrosive property on Iron to make it stainless steel.


Name the following.
i. An offshore oil field in the Gulf of Cambay.
ii. An oil refinery in Bihar.

i. Bombay High
ii. Barauni Refinery


State an important industrial use of:
i. Manganese
ii. Coal
iii. Aluminium

i.  It is an important mineral raw material for manufacturing bleaching powder.
ii. Coal is the main source of power generation in India.
iii. It is used for packing in various forms such as cans, foils, tubes and bottle tops.


(i) Name the metal obtained from Bauxite. Give any one use of the metal mentioned by you.
(ii) Which multi-purpose project provides power to both Punjab and Himachal Pradesh?

  • Bauxite is ore. The mineral extracted from bauxite ore is Aluminium.
  • Aluminum is extracted by heating process from the ore.
  • Aluminum is used heavily in industries as it is a light metal. It is also used for making domestic appliances and rail wagons.
  • Bakranangal Multipurpose project built on Sutlej river.


(i) Mention one advantage of the use of natural gas over coal or petroleum.
(ii) Name one offshore oil field of India.

  • It is cleaner fuel compared to coal or petroleum due to less harmful by-products released into the atmosphere by burning natural gas.
  • Natural gas produces fewer greenhouse gases than other fossil fuels do.
  • Mumbai High is the offshore oil field of India.


Give two advantages that non-conventional energy sources have other conventional energy sources.

  • Coal, natural gas, oil, and firewood are examples of conventional energy sources.
  • Hydro, Solar, and Wind are examples of conventional energy sources.
  • Advantages of non-conventional sources of energy are renewable, cheap, environment friendliness.


What is a mineral?

The substances that are naturally formed in the earth by the geological process and are inorganic, usually solid and have a crystal structure are called minerals. Examples of minerals are Coal, Iron Ore, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, etc.


Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?

We need to conserve mineral resources because-
  • Over exploitation of resources is the most serious problem and consequently they get exhausted.
  • They are non renewable and it takes millions of years for them to form again.
  • Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease in quality.


Name one use of any one mineral.

Manganese is used for making steel and glass.


Describe the distribution of coal in India.

In India majority of the coal-fields are found in the eastern part. The maximum concentration of coalfield in the north-eastern part of the peninsular plateau of India comprising parts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and eastern Madhya Pradesh and western part of West Bengal adjoining Jharkhand. The southern part of Andhra Pradesh and eastern part of Maharastra also have large deposits of coal. The two-thirds of India's coal is produced by four states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. About 40% of India's total coal production comes from just two states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.


Name the mineral which is converted to aluminium.

Bauxite.


Name two varieties of iron ore used in industry.

Haematite and Magnetite.


Name two west coast and two inland oil-refineries in India.

Two coastal oil refineries are Mumbai and Mangalore.
Two inland oil refineries are Digboi and Mathura.


Name the mineral which is used in the manufacture of cement.

Limestone.


How is the low grade iron ore utilized?

Low grade iron ore is used in mini steel plants.


Which state is the largest producer of mineral oil?

Largest producer of mineral oil is Assam.


Name the mica producing places of India.

India contributes about 60% of the mica production in the world. Major mica producing states of India are Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, and Rajasthan.


Why is mica one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries?

Mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries, due to its Di-electric strength, low power factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage.


Explain any four non-conventional energy sources. 

Non-conventional energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.
1- Wind energy describe the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. As the wind increases, power output increases up to the maximum output of the particular turbine. Wind turbines use wind to make electricity.
2- Biomass is the organic matter that originates, from plants, animals, wood, sewage. These substances burn to produce heat energy which then generates electricity.
3- Tidal power is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity.
4- Solar energy is harnessed by converting solar energy directly into electrical energy in solar plants. Photosynthesis process carries out this process of conversion of solar energy.


Name the mineral the largest deposits of which are found in Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh.

Manganese.


Give geographical reasons why: The location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development.

Location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development because it is the basic source of power and it is heavy and bulky also which is difficult to transport.


Name two leading states producing manganese.

Orissa and Karnataka.


What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?

A rock from which a particular mineral can be profitably extracted is called ore. The ores of metallic minerals are generally located in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.


Name any three common minerals used by you every day.

Minerals are used in many industries. Minerals which are used for gems are usually hard. These are then set in various styles for jewellery. Copper is another metal used in everything from coins to pipes. Silicon, used in the computer industry is obtained from quartz. Aluminum obtained from its ore bauxite is used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in kitchen cookware.



Distinguish between the followings: Ferrous and nonferrous minerals

Ferrous minerals are those minerals which are iron-based and are metallic in nature. Examples of ferrous minerals are iron ore, manganese.
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron and are non-metallic in nature. Examples of non-ferrous minerals are copper, brass.


Distinguish between metallic and nonmetallic minerals.

Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be melted to obtain new products. They are usually hard and have shines or luster of their own. When hit, they don't  break. Examples of metallic minerals are iron, copper, bauxite, tin etc.
Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting. They are not so hard and have no shine or luster of their own. When hit, they may get broken into pieces. Examples of non-metallic minerals are coal, salt, clay, marble, etc.


Distinguish between the ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

The mineral which contains iron is termed as a ferrous mineral. Iron-ore, manganese, chromite, pyrites, tungsten, nickel, Cobalt, etc. are important examples of ferrous minerals.
On the other hand, non-ferrous minerals are those which do not have an iron contact in it. Gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, tin, magnesium, etc are the examples of non-ferrous minerals.


Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any four uses of manganese.

Odisha is the largest producer of manganese in India. Manganese is required to manufacture steel. It is also used to manufacture bleaching powder, insecticides, and paints. It is used in the manufacturing of steel. It is used in the manufacturing of the Ferro-manganese alloy.


Distinguish between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

Conventional Sources
  • Conventional sources of energy (e.g. coal, petroleum and natural gas) are non-renewable sources of energy.
  • They have been in use since a long time. For example, firewood and coal have been in use since a long time.
  • Most of these energy sources (e.g. coal and firewood) cause pollution when used.
  • They are common and widely used sources (e.g. thermal power).

Non-conventional Sources
  • Non-conventional sources of energy (e.g. solar and wind energy) are renewable sources of energy.
  • These sources have recently developed and are still developing. For example, the technology of producing electricity from solar panels has recently developed.
  • They do not cause any pollution (e.g. solar energy, geothermal energy etc.)
  • They are comparatively new sources of energy and hence are not widely used. For example, solar panels and wind mills are not widely used.


Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of energy produced from sunlight. There is enough scope for the development of solar energy. It has bright future in India because 
(a) Many parts (regions) of the country received sunlight on 300 days annually and so it becomes possible to generate 20 MW solar energy per square kilometer in such areas.   
(b) It is easy to establish solar plants in urban and rural areas.   
(c) By setting up solar plants in rural areas the dependence of people on firewood can be reduced,   
(d) It is also becoming popular as it is used for cooking, heating water, lighting, etc.  
 (e) It is a renewable source of energy, while other conventional sources used for generating electricity are exhaustible and non-renewable. 


Name the iron and steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.

Bhilai Steel Plant is located in Chhattisgarh.


How are 'Gobar gas plants' beneficial to the farmers ?

The plants using cattle dung are known as "Gobar gas plants" in rural India. These provide twin benefits to the farmer in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.


Name the non-metallic mineral which can split easily into thin sheets. Mention its uses.

Mica is an non-metallic mineral which can split easily into thin sheets.
Mainly it is used in electric and electronic industries.


What are non-conventional energy resource? Explain their importance

Energy resources can be classified as conventional and nonconventional sources. Conventional sources include: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.
The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future, which in turn has serious repercussions on the growth of the national economy. Moreover, increasing use of fossil fuels also causes serious environmental problems. Hence, there is a pressing need to use renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material. These are called nonconventional energy sources. 


What are the important mineral resources available in India?

Minerals are the most important natural resources. ‘A compound of naturally available substance with specific chemical composition is called a mineral’. Minerals are available along with rocks in the surface of the earth. Among them, iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite ore, mica and gold are very important. In addition to these, energy resources like coal, petroleum and atomic minerals are also produced in the country. 


Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Aluminium is produced from _________  ore.

Bauxite is the important ore of aluminium. It is mixed with sand and iron oxide. Being brownish yellow and grey in colour, bauxite is sticky like clay in nature. Bauxite has about 60-70% of aluminium oxide and by melting this, aluminium metal is obtained. Since aluminium is used in various types. It is called the Wonder Metal of the 20th century.


Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Mica is also called __________________ in Kannada.

Mica is a very large important non-Ferrous mineral. India is in a leading position in having deposits of mica and in the manufacture of mica plates. Mica is transparent, heat resistant, shiny silicate mineral. Mica has some qualities; the important among them are insulation and elasity. It is used in the manufacture of telephones, telegraph, wireless service, glass, colour varnish, artificial rubber, dynamos and chemical industries. Mica is also called ‘kage bangara’ in Kannada.


Mention the types of iron ore produced in India?

Types of iron ore: Based on the metal and impurities content, iron ore is classified into four types: 
1.Magnatite 
2.Heamatite 
3.Limonite 
4.Sederite


Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Stalactities and Stalagmites are most common in _________.

Limestone areas.       Stalactites and stalagmites are the depositional landforms of limestone areas. The calcareous deposits from dripping of water in dry caves are called dripstones. The columns of dripstones hanging from the cave ceiling are called stalactites while the calcareous columns of dripstones growing upward from the cave floor are known as stalagmites.


Mention any two uses of manganese.

Two uses of Manganese.
(i) It is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.
(ii) It is used in dry cell batteries.


State the most important use of the following:
i. Iron ore
ii. Bauxite.

Most important use of:

(i) Iron ore : In the production of steel.

(ii) Bauxite: In the production of aluminium.



Name the mineral used in the manufacture of ___________.
(i) Cement
(ii) Aluminium
(iii) Synthetics

Minerals used in the manufacturing of.
(i) Cement - Limestone
(ii) Aluminium - Bauxite
(iii) Synthetics - Oil or coal


State two reasons why limestone is a valuable mineral.

Limestone is a valuable mineral because of the following reasons: 

1) It is used as a flux in the iron and steel industry. 

2) It is also used in the cement industry.



Which state is the leading producer of the following minerals?
(i) Coal
(ii) Oil
(iii) Manganese

Leading producer states for the following minerals.
(i) Coal - Jharkhand
(ii) Oil - Maharastra
(iii) Manganese - Orissa.


Name the ore of aluminium. Describe two main uses of aluminium.

Ore of aluminium is bauxite.
Two uses of Aluminium:
(i) In aircraft industry.
(ii) In automobile industry.


Name the following :
i. An off-shore oil field of India.
ii. An iron ore mine of Karnataka.

1. Mumbai High
2. Kudremukh mines



Name any two industrial products for which limestone is used as a source of raw material.

Two industrial products for which limestone is used:
(i) Iron and steel industry.
(ii) Cement industry.


Name the following :
i. Largest coal field of India.
ii. Oldest oil-field of India.
iii. Best variety of iron ore.

1. Jharia coalfield

2. Digboi oil reserves in Assam

3. Magnetite



Name the :
i. Largest oil refinery in the Public sector.
ii. State that is the largest producer of coal.
iii. Best variety of iron ore.

(i) Largest oil refinery in the public sector — Indian Oil Corporation Limited.

(ii) Jharkhand is the largest coal producing state. 

(iii) Magnetite is the best variety of iron ore. 



i. Name the metal extracted from Bauxite.
ii. Mention two uses of this metal.

Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite.

Uses of aluminium are :

1. Used in air craft Industry.

2. Used for making head light reflectors.



Name one important area that has large coal deposits in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Jharkhand - Jharia
West Bengal - Raniganj.


"Formation of coal is a long d process spread over various period". Elaborate the statement with examples in Indian context. 

Coal is formed due the compression of plant material (containing carbon, the major component of coal) over millions of years.
Thus, coal is found in many forms depending on the degrees of compression, the depth and the time of burial. Indian coal was mainly formed during two geological ages the Gondwana and the Tertiary ages. 
The Gondwana coal deposits (called 'metallurgical coal'), which are more than 200 million years old, are located in the Damodar valley (West Bengal - Jharkhand), where Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coal fields. 
It is also found in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys.
The tertiary age deposits, only about 55 million years old, are mostly found in North-Eastern India in Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Thus, formation of coal is a long drawn process spread over various periods. 


Name the place where petroleum is mined in india.

In India, about 33 million tons of petroleum is mined annually. In India petroleum is mined from Mumbai High, Assam, Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh. 63% of total petroleum of India is mined from Mumbai High.


Distinguish between :
Thermal energy and Hydro electricity.

Thermal Energy
(1) It is produced by using coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(2)Assam, Jharkhand, Uttarpradesh, West Bengal and Tamil nadu depend mainly on thermal electricity. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa and Delhi also have Thermal energy producing Centres.
(3)The initial expenses are much more than wind energy
Hydro Electricity
(1).It is generated from the force of falling water which is used to rotate the turbine in a hydel power station. 
(2) It is mainly produced In Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir, Megalaya, Tripura and Sikkim
(3)Low expenses compared to Thermal energy  


Answer the following questions in a sentence each:
Why do the construction companies provide more demand for aluminium?

  • Good conductor of electricity — low corrosion — light weight —
multiple use — strong and cheap.
  • Used as a substitute for steel and copper in construction. 


"Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives." Support this statement with examples.

Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason:-
a)  Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals. 
b) The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals.
c) Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eat contains minerals.
Thus, In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.so correctly said -  Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.


Name the minerals found in chhattisgarh?

Coal, iron core and dolomite are the main minerals found in Chhattisgarh.


Name two non-ferrous Minerals.

Non- ferrous minerals are those minerals which do not contain iron content.  These minerals are not magnetic in nature. 
Examples of non- ferrous minerals
Aluminum, copper, Bauxite, Lead, Nickle, Zinc etc.


"Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving". Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem. 

Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. The strategy of economic development that India adopted since independence necessarily required increasing amount of energy consumption. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been rising. 
To take care of this concern various measures that need to be adopted are as follows 
(i) We need to increase the use or renewable energy resources like solar, wind power, biogas, tidal energy and geothermal energy. This will decrease the dependence on non-renewable sources.
(ii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for judicious use of our limited energy resources. 
For example, as a concerned citizen, we can use public transport system in place of individual vehicle.  
(iii) Another measure that need to be adopted is promotion of energy conservation, e.g., switching off electrical devices when not in use, using power saving devices. 
Thus, consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. 


"India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirement". Support this statement with three arguments. 

The fact that India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirement can be supported from the following arguments 
(i) Electricity Generation The majority of electricity generation plants in India are based on burning of coal for generating steam to power turbines. 
(ii) Heating in Industries Many industries use coal in the blast furnaces for generating heat for their various operations. 
(iii) Important constituent in various industries Coal is an important constituent in steel production, alumina refineries, and in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. 


"Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India." Give arguments to support this statement. 

Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India due to following reasons 
(i) India has limited reserves of coal and petroleum. Nuclear energy minerals like Thorium is found in plenty in India. 
(ii) Hence, nuclear energy can compensate for deficiency of fossil fuels. 
(iii) Nuclear power stations can be established easily and conveniently in those areas whe other sources are not available. 
(iv) Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts of energy. India can utilise this energy for peaceful purposes such as generation of electricity that can be used to run machines in industries.
(v) It is a non-conventional source of energy. After the initial expenses it becomes very economical. 


"There is a pressing need for using renewable energy sources in India." Justify the statement. 

Renewable sources of energy are in exhaustible and can be used again and again like solar energy, wind energy etc. 
There is a growing need for increasing the use of renewable energy sources due to the following 
(i) The conventional sources of energy are depleting very fast and we are dependent on imports of petroleum and natural gas to meet our needs. 
(ii) Renewable energy sources do not cause environmental pollution with their use and so, to preserve our environment, we must change over to use more of such sources. 
(iii) Non-conventional sources of energy are very economical in use as compared to conventional sources. Thus, to save expenses, we should use renewable energy sources. 


Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three methods of conserving mineral resources.

Industry and agriculture depend on minerals and the substances manufactured from them. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that require millions of year to be renewed. The natural rate of replenishment is very small in comparison to the present rates of consumption. minerals resources are finite and non-renewable. Due to a decrease in  good quality and there extraction process the costs of mineral extraction is increasing.
Mineral conservation can be done by:
1. Use of mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner.
2. Improve technology to allow the use of low-grade ores at low costs.
3. Recycle metals.
4. Use scrap metals and other substitutes.


Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
In India, _________ and __________ states have highest iron ore deposit.

Answer is Orissa and Jharkhand. These two states have largest reserves of iron ore deposits in India. These two states account for around 30% of total iron ore in India.


Mica is used in ______ industries.

Electronic.      Mica is used in electric and electronic industries.  Mica is good insulating material and it has high voltage resistance which makes it good raw material for electronic industries.


Minerals are _________ source of energy.

Non-renewable.      Minerals are non-renewable source of energy.   Energy minerals are used to produce electricity, fuel for transportation, heating for homes and offices and in the manufacture of plastics. It includes coal, oil, natural gas etc.


A material which is found in nature and is useful to human is called a __________.

Natural resources.   A material which is found in nature and useful to human is called as natural resources.   Any natural substance that humans use can be considered a natural resource. Oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand are natural resources. Other natural resources are air, sunlight, soil and water.


Explain the role of minerals in economic development country?

Mineral resources are amongst the mostimportant natural resources that dictate the Industrial and economic development of a country because they provide raw materials to the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy. Minerals impact our lives every day.


How do minerals occur on the Earth?

Minerals form when rocks are heated enough that atoms of different elements can move around and join into different molecules. Minerals are deposited from salty water solutions on Earth's surface and underground. Minerals are essential resources for huma development and growth.


"Minerals occur in various forms". Support this statement with examples.

Minerals occurs in various forms :- 

  1.  In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints.  Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained in rocks. 

  2. Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed this way.

  3. Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits’ and generally contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most important among such minerals.

  4. The ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals. common salt, magnesium and bromine are largely derived from ocean waters.



Class 10 Geography Extra Questions