Rural Development - Class 12 Commerce Economics - Extra Questions

What is meant by urbanisation?

Urbanization is a word for becoming more like a city. When populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over from city to nearby areas. This is called urbanization. 


What is the source of irrigation in Palampur?

Persian wheel
Sources of irrigation in Palampur :
(i) Persian wheel are the source of irrigation in this part.
(ii) Well is also a frequently used source of irrigation.
(iii) Tube wells are also important sources of irrigation


How are the farmers in village Palampur able to grow more crops on the same land?

The farmers of Palampur are able to grow more crops from the same land as:

(i) They follow multiple cropping pattern. They grow at least two main crops. Many of them also grow vegetables as third crop.

(ii) There is a well-developed system of irrigation in Palampur that enables the farmers to grow three different crops in a year.

(iii) Electricity came early to Palampur. It has played a pivotal role in transformation of the irrigation system in village Palampur. Soon the old and existing Persian wheels were replaced by electric run tubewells which could irrigate much larger areas of land.

(iv) Modem farming methods and Green Revolution introduced HYV seeds.

 (v) Effective use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and modern agricultural technologies resulted in better agricultural yield from same land in Palampur.



How is multiple cropping done in village Palampur? Explain.

Multiple cropping is done in village Palamur in the following ways:
(i) There are three different crop seasons i.e. Rabi, Kharif and Zaid. During Kharif season, the farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra. Potato is cultivated between October and December. In the winter season, they grow wheat, a Rabi crop. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane, which is harvested once every year.
(ii) They are able to grow three different crops in a year due to the well-developed irrigation system. Electricity has transformed the system of irrigation. Electric-run tubewells have replaced wells and irrigate larger piece of land. Initially, government helped farmers install tubewells. Later on, private tubewells were also set-up by the farmers themselves. Thus, by the mid-1970s, the entire cultivated area of 200 hectare was irrigated.


How were the farmers able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur? Explain any three reasons.

Farmers of Palampur were able to grow three different crops in a year because of the following reasons:
(i) Well-developed system of irrigation.
(ii) Electricity came early to Palampur.
(iii) Introduction of multiple cropping.
(iv) Modern farming methods.
(v) Green Revolution introduced HYV seeds.


Describe the non-farm activities of production in village Palampur.

Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. However, non-farm production activities are also found there though at a small level.

(i) Dairy. Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed this buffaloes various kinds of grass and the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold is Raiganj, the neary by village. There are collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.
(ii) Small scale manufacturing. Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur. Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour.
(iii) Shopkeeping. Very few people are engaged in trade in Palampur. The traders are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in cities and sell them in the village. There are small general stores in the village where a variety of household articles such as rice, wheat, sugar, tooth paste etc. are sold. One can also find open small shops selling eatables.
(iv) Transport. People engaged in transport services are rickshawallahs, tongawallas, bus, jeep, tractor, truck drivers etc. They ferry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it.


What does the regulated market committee consist of? Mention the functions of the committee.

A regulated market (RM) or controlled market is an idealized system where the government controls the forces of supply and demand, such as who is allowed to enter the market and/or what prices may be charged. It is controlled by Regulated Market Committee (RMC). The main objective of establishing RMCs is to facilitate backward and forward market integration of agricultural produce, which ultimately leads to remunerative price realization to the producers and availability of quality products to the consumers. The RMCs ensure payment of the fair price to the agriculturists. An RMC works as a facilitator between the farmers and the procuring agencies. RMC is a revenue earning body and it earns its revenue by charging 2% of the transaction amount for providing these above-mentioned facilities. 


Name the branch of biology that deals with - Science of growing fruits and vegetables.

The branch of biology that deals with the science of growing fruits and vegetables is Horticulture


Name three institutional sources of agricultural credit.

Three institutional sources of agricultural credit are:
  1. Co-operative Credit Societies,
  2. Commercial Banks, and
  3. Regional Rural Banks.


Name the four non - farm production activities practiced in Palampur. Give brief description of each.

  1. Dairy: Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed these buffaloes various kinds of grass and the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold is Raiganj, the nearby village. There is collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.
  2. Small scale manufacturing: Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur. Manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale. They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour.
  3. Shopkeeping: Very few people are engaged in trade in Palampur. The traders are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in cities and sell them in the village.
    There are small general stores in the village where a variety of household articles such as rice, wheat, sugar, tooth paste etc. are sold. One can also find open small shops selling eatables.
  4. Transport: People engaged in transport services are rickshawallahs, tongawallas, bus, jeep, tractor, truck drivers etc. They ferry people and goods from one place to another and in return get paid for it.


Why have Self-Help Groups (SHGs) been set up?

The Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have been set up to promote thrift in small proportions by a minimum contribution from each member. From the pooled money, credit is given to the needy members to be repayable in small installments at reasonable interest rates.


Why do farmers need credit?

Farmers need credit due to long time gap between crop sowing and realisation of income, farmers need credit.


What do you mean by short term credit?

Short term credit refers to credit taken for a period of less than 15 months, to meet short-term needs.


How is the term agriculture different from horticulture?

  • Agriculture is the science of growing food crops and rearing animals for farming.
  • Horticulture is a sub- division of agriculture which deals with plant gardening.
  • The domain of horticulture includes cultivation, plant propagation, plant breeding etc.
  • The plants looked at are- vegetables, trees, flowers, shrubs, fruits and nuts.


Class 12 Commerce Economics Extra Questions